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2023届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案

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2023届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案(精选2篇)NQm易文君-文库范文网

2023届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案 篇1

  XX年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:动词的时态和语态(新人教版)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词的时态。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  语态是描述句子中动词和参与此动作之主语之间关系的一个术语。当主语是动作的发起者(或之一)时,称为主动语态;如果主语为动作之承受者,称为被动语态。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  一、动词时态NQm易文君-文库范文网

  1. 一般现在时(动词用原形或单数第三人称后加-s / -es)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (1)地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (2) we always care for each other and help each other.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  我们一直互相关心、互相帮助。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (3) all the students here belong to no. 1 middle school. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  这儿所有学生都是一中的。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (4)the shop closes at 11:00 p. m. every day.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  这家商店每天晚上11:00 关门。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论4】少数用于表示起止的动词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,只用一般现在时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难1】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  if you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析1】在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难2】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the more you practise, the better your english will be. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析2】在the+比较级…,the+比较级…句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难3】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  see to it that you are not late again. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析3】在make sure, see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  2. 一般过去时(v.-ed或不规则变化)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (5) i met her in the street yesterday. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  我昨天在街上遇到了她。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (6) i thought the film would be interesting, but it isn't. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  我原以为这部电影会很有趣,但实际上并不是。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】一般过去时的基本用法:NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ①表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示); NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ②用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (7) he told me he read an interesting novel last night. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  他告诉我他昨晚看了一本有趣的小说。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去式。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。常见连词有:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。如:he rushed into the room and sat down immediately.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  3. 一般将来时NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (8)我们下周将会讨论这个话题。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  we will talk about this topic next week.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week等)。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (9) the bus is coming. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  公共汽车就要到了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示趋向行为的动词,如come,go,start,begin,leave等词,常用进行时的形式表示将来时。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难1】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — you've left the light on. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — oh, so i have. i'll go and turn it off. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析1】 shall / will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难2】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  study hard, and you will pass the exam. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析2】 在祈使句+and / or+陈述句句型中,陈述句中只能用will / 情态动词+动词原形。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难3】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  if it is fine, we'll go fishing. (√)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  if it is fine, we are going to go fishing. (×)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析3】be going to表示现在打算最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则表意愿。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难4】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  a meeting is to be held at 3:00 this afternoon.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析4】be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难5】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  autumn harvest is about to start. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析5】be about to do sth.表示“即将,就要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  4. 现在进行时(am / is / are + v.-ing)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难1】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he is teaching english and learning chinese. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the girl is always talking loud in public. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析1】表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或计划;go,come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时 (与always, often等频率副词连用,表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难2】the room remains clean. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  you are allowed to speak here. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析2】下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时:NQm易文君-文库范文网

  a. 表示心理状态、情感的动词:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  b. 表存在的状态的动词:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  c. 表示瞬间动作的动词:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  d. 表示感官的动词:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  5. 过去完成时(had+ v.-ed)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (10)到去年为止我们已经生产了XX0辆车。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  by the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】在by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (11)jack到的时候,mary已经走了将近一小时了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  when jack arrived, mary had been away for almost an hour. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态,即“从过去到过去”。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (12)我原本想送给他一张圣诞卡的,但我忘了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i had hoped to send him a christmas card, but i forgot to do so. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示,即:hoped / planned…+ to have done。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难1】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  xiao hua left school 3 years ago. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析1】“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难2】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  we had no sooner been seated than the bus started. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  = no sooner had we been seated than the bus started. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析2】hardly / scarcely…when (before);no sooner…than表示“一……就……”。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难3】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  after he (had)left the room, the boss came in. we arrived home before it snowed. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析3】在before或after引导的时间状语从句中,用一般过去时代替过去完成时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难4】[ ]NQm易文君-文库范文网

  it was the second time that he had been out with her. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析4】it / that / this was the first(second,third…)time+that从句中,用过去完成时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  6. 过去将来时(would do, was / were going to do)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (13)我说我会安排一切的。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i said i would arrange everything.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论】过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难1】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he was leaving for beijing. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析1】come, go, leave等用过去进行时表过去将来时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难2】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i was about to leave when the telephone rang. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析2】was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth. 表过去将来, was / were to do sth.常与when搭配。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  7. 过去进行时(was / were +v.-ing)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (14)在XX年夏天她在欧洲旅行。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  during the summer of , she was  traveling in europe.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】[ ]NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (15)①门铃响的时候,他正在看一本小说。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he was reading a novel when the door bell rang.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ②我在想你能否载我一程。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i was wondering if you could give me a lift.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ①某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ②过去进行时可以表示委婉语气。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  8. 现在完成时(has / have+v.-ed)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (16)我已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知道电影内容)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i have seen the film already.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作,强调结果的影响。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (17)过去的几年我们已经种了成千上万棵树。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  we've planted thousands of trees in the past few years.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (18)他们自XX年一直生活在这儿。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  they've lived here since .NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+时间点,for+时间段及介词短语during / in / over the last (past)few years (months, weeks), in recent years等连用。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难1】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i closed the door. (强调关门的动作曾发生在过去)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i have closed the door. (强调现在门还是关着的)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析1】虽然动作都发生在过去,但现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响,而一般过去时的动作与现在没任何联系了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难2】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  it is 3 weeks since i got here. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  this is the second time that i have played this game. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析2】 下列句型中常用现在完成时:NQm易文君-文库范文网

  it is (has been)+ 一段时间 + since从句NQm易文君-文库范文网

  this(that / it)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时NQm易文君-文库范文网

  this(that / it)is the only…+ that + 完成时NQm易文君-文库范文网

  this(that / it)is the best / finest / most interesting…+ that+完成时NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难3】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  don't get off the bus until it has stopped. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析3】 在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难4】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i haven't met him for two years. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  试比较:NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i have bought the computer for a year. (×)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i have kept the computer for a year. (√)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析4】非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时态,在肯定句中不能与for 或since 等引导的时间段连用,要转化为相应意义的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。其否定式可与这类时间状语连用。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  二、被动语态NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (一)常考时态的被动语态NQm易文君-文库范文网

  以下是常见的8种时态的被动语态: NQm易文君-文库范文网

  时态 结构 例句NQm易文君-文库范文网

  一般现在时 助动词(am / is / are)+ 动词的过去分词 this kind of car is made in shanghai. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  一般过去时 助动词(was / were)+ 动词的过去分词 was this novel written by his father?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  时态 结构 例句NQm易文君-文库范文网

  一般将来时 will / be going to + be + 动词的过去分词 the baby will be taken good care of in the hospital. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  现在进行时 助动词(am / is / are)+ being + 动词的过去分词 the problem is being discussed by the students. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  过去进行时 助动词(was / were)+ being + 动词的过去分词 the light was being fixed when the electricity was cut off. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  时态 结构 例句NQm易文君-文库范文网

  现在完成时 助动词(have / has) + been + 动词的过去分词 she has been told the news. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  过去完成时 助动词(had) + been + 动词的过去分词 the work had been done before i arrived. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  过去将来时 would (was / were going to)be+动词的过去分词[ ] i did not say that the equipment would be changed. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (二)被动语态的用法NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (19)新的课本将在下学期被使用。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the new test book will be used next term.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (20)这种自行车在我们店没有卖。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  this kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (21)那个贼昨天被警察抓了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the thief was caught by a policeman yesterday. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (22)学生被钢琴家提了一些建议。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  =the pupils  were given some advice by the pianist. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】含有双宾语的句子,主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的主语,另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语,间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (23)他们被老板强迫一天工作10小时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  they were made to work ten hours a day by the boss. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (24)他被看见进入房子。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he was seen to enter the house. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论4】在主动语态句中动词make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (25)众所周知纸最先被中国发明。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  it is known that paper was first made in china. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (26)纸被认为最先被中国发明。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  paper was known to be first made in china. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论5】当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时,被动语态有两种形式:a. 谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。b. 用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面,用主语从句来表示。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  类似句型有:it is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped / thought that… NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (三)不能用被动语态的几种情况NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (27)我的家乡近来发生了很大的变化。(take place)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  great changes have taken place recently in my hometown.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (28)他看起来像他父亲。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he looks like his father.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】表示状态的谓语动词,如:hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等不用于被动。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (29)这支笔属于tom。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the pen belongs to tom.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】表示归属的动词,如:have, own, belong to等不用于被动。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (30)我想要些苹果。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i would like some apples.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论4】表示“希望, 意图”的动词,如:wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等不用于被动。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (31)小孩自己会穿衣服了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the baby can dress himself now. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论5】宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (32)他过着一种简单的生活。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he lives a simple life. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论6】宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (33)这种衣服很好卖。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  this kind of clothes sell well.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论7】有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时。常见的动词有sell, write, wash, open, lock等。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难1】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  主动形式表被动意义NQm易文君-文库范文网

  my pen writes smoothly. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the car needs repairing. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the book is worth reading. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the question is hard to answer. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析1】①当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后接形容词时;当cut, read, sell, wear, write等词接状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、发生、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时,均用主动表被动。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ②want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。[ ]NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ③be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ④在“be + 形容词 + to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动表被动。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难2】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  被动形式表示主动意义NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he is seated on a bench. (he seats himself on a bench. )NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he was hidden behind the door. (he hid himself behind the door. )NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析2】被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ①be seated坐着NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ②be hidden躲藏NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ③be lost迷路NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ④be drunk喝醉NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ⑤be dressed穿着NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难3】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  被动语态与系表结构的区别NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the book is well sold. (系表结构)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析3】被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。NQm易文君-文库范文网

2023届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案 篇2

  XX年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分:省略、插入语和反意疑问句(新人教版)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  省略NQm易文君-文库范文网

  在英语中,有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复,并使上下文紧密连接;有时因为语法的客观要求,句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来,这种现象称为省略。省略有词法上的省略,也有句法上的省略,还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【省略的类型】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  一、简单句中的省略 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (1)好久不见了!NQm易文君-文库范文网

  haven't seen you for ages!  (省略主语)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (2)你要什么东西吗?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (is there) anything you want? (省略谓语)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (3)我不知道他是谁。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i don't know (who he is).(省略宾语)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (4)你有墨水吗? NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (have you) got any ink? (省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  有些简单句中可以省略主语、谓语、宾语或主语和谓语。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  二、 并列句中的省略 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (5)他教英语,他弟弟教数学。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he teaches english and his brother maths.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论】在并列句中,如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  三、复合句中的省略NQm易文君-文库范文网

  1. 在含有状语从句的复合句中NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (6)当被问到她是谁的时候,她一句话也没说。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  when (she was) asked, she didn't answer a word.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】在含有状语从句的复合句中,若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be时,常省略从句的主语和be。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难1】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  要是明天下雨的话,我们将不得不将访问推迟到下个礼拜。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析1】虚拟条件句中,含had, were, should时,若将它们提到句首,则需省略if。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难2】this car doesn't run as fast as that one.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  这辆车没有那一辆开得快。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i know you can do better than peter.  NQm易文君-文库范文网

  我知道你比彼得做得好。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析2】在as (so)…as…, than引导的比较状语从句中省略谓语。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难3】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  child as he is, he knows a lot. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  尽管是个孩子,他却懂得很多。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【疑难剖析3】在as引导的让步状语从句中,当作表语的名词提前时,冠词要省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  2.在限定性定语从句中 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (7)他曾想做的就是去购物。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  all he ever wants to do is going shopping. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (8)令我吃惊的不是他所说的内容,而是他说话的方式。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  what surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which, whom可以省略;在以the same… as和such… as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;the way后面的定语从句中,可以省略that,in which。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  3. 名词性从句中的省略 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (9) he said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  他说他两天前就到了,而且已经在一家旅馆住下了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (10) someone has used my bike, but i don't know who.  NQm易文君-文库范文网

  有人用过我的自行车了,但我不知道是谁。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论4】作宾语的wh-从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同,则what从句可以省略谓语,甚至主语。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (11)我们和老人说话要有礼貌,这很重要。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  it's important that we speak to the old politely. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论5】在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词及其派生词:NQm易文君-文库范文网

  一个坚持(insist),二个命令(order, command),三个建议(suggest, propose, advise ),四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (12)这个问题应该马上解决,这是必要的。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  it is necessary that the problem be solved at once. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论6】 it is necessary (important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that…主语从句中,should可以省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  四、动词不定式中的省略NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成例句】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (13)我认为他很傻。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i consider him (to be) stupid. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】有些动词,如:believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  they made the workers work more than 16 hours a day. (主动)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the workers were made to work more than 16 hours a day. (被动)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  他们要求工人每天工作16个多小时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have 后的“宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语”的结构中,不定式符号to须省略,但这类结构变成被动语态时,其后的不定式要还原加上to。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ——你买到票了吗?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — did you get a ticket?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ——没有。我想买的,可是卖完了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — no, i meant to (get one), but there weren't any left.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  特别注意:want, like用在 when, if, what,as 引导的从句中,其后的to也常可省略,如:i've decided to do what i like. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【翻译句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (14)除了等待,我们什么也做不了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  we do nothing now but wait. =we have nothing to do but wait.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (15) i can not but admire his courage. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  我不得不敬佩他的勇气。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (16)他别无选择,只好接受事实。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he has no choice but to accept the fact. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论4】在can not but, can not choose but, do nothing but…, can't help but…, prefer to do rather than do …,  would do… rather than… 之后的动词不定式一般不带to;but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something,nothing,anything和everything等不定代词时,也不带to, 否则要带to。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i'm really puzzled what to think or say. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  我真不知该想什么,该说什么。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论5】在并列结构中为了避免重复,后一个to省略。但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时,则后一个to不能省略。如:NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i can not to scold but to praise you. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  why talk so much about it?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  关于此事你为什么说了那么多?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  why not try it again? NQm易文君-文库范文网

  为什么不再试试?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论6】在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i don't want to wait for him, but i have to. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  我并不想等他的,可我又不得不这样。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he doesn't like fish, but he used to. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  他不喜欢吃鱼,但他以前很喜欢。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — why didn't you come to our party?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ——你为什么不来参加舞会?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — i was going to,but i had a report to write. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ——我本想来的,但我有个报告要写,来不了。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论7】动词不定式与 be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等构成复合谓语时,不定式结构常可省略,但要保留不定式符号to。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【完成句子】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (17) you may go if you wish to. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  你想去就去吧。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  (18) don't go till i tell you to. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  我没叫你走就别走。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论8】动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词,为了避免重复,句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形,而保留不定式符号to。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab).NQm易文君-文库范文网

  学生们都想进实验室,但班长建议他们别进去。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论9】动词不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, expect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时,常可省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ——陪我去购物好吗? NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — could you go shopping with me? NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ——我很乐意。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — i'm glad to (go shopping with you).NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论10】系动词(be)+形容词,即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复,常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容,只保留不定式符号。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  特别注意:承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be,则要保留be或have,如:NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — are you a doctor?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — no, but i used to be NQm易文君-文库范文网

  五、某些词法上的省略NQm易文君-文库范文网

  1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  1)这些是约翰的书,那些是玛丽的。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  these are john's books and those are mary's.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现,则可以省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  2)怀特先生现在在诊所。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  mr. white is now at the doctor's.  NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】名词所有格所修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。如:at mr. green's ,to my uncle's,at the barber's。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  2. 冠词的省略 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  1)第二天我们来到农场帮助农场主收获庄稼。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  we went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】在the next day (morning, week, year…)等短语中,有时为了使语气紧凑,定冠词the 常可以省略。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  2)她在班上歌唱得最好。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  she sings best in the class.  NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  3)我们老师手里拿着书走了进来。[ ]NQm易文君-文库范文网

  our teacher came in, a book in hand. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  =our teacher came in, with a book in his hand. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】在某些独立主格结构中,冠词常可以省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  3. 介词的省略 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  1) both (of)the films were interesting. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  这两部电影都很有趣。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  she invited both of us to her birthday party. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  她邀请了我们俩参加她的生日聚会。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】 both 后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时,介词of可以省略,但接代词宾格时,of不能省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  2)these shoes are worn out. they have lasted (for) a long time. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  这些鞋子很旧了。它们已经穿了好长时间了。 【结论2】在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  3)the letter was posted yesterday. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  这封信是昨天寄的。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】被动结构中,如果没有必要强调动作的执行者,则可以省略介词by短语。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  4)can you stop him (from)going swimming in the river? NQm易文君-文库范文网

  你能否阻止他去河里游泳?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论4】和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词,如:consider… (as)…, prevent / stop… (from) doing…, have trouble / difficulty… (in) doing…,spend… (in / on) doing… 中的介词可以省略。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  六、替代性省略NQm易文君-文库范文网

  1)— do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? NQm易文君-文库范文网

  —你认为他会去参加会议吗?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  —i suppose not.  NQm易文君-文库范文网

  —我想不会。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】在一些交际用语中的某些动词,如:think, suppose, expect, believe,guess等后常常和so, not等连用,以替代上文出现的内容。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  2)— i don't think i can walk any further. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ——我想我是再也走不动了。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  — neither can i.  let's stop here for a rest. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  ——我也是。我们停下休息一会儿吧。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】“so / nor (neither)+谓语+主语”这种句型是用来替代前面提到的情况,表明它也适用于后者。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【特别提醒】省略在语言中,尤其在对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象;省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  插入语NQm易文君-文库范文网

  插入语通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开,用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度,对句子表达起修饰、强调、缓和语气等作用。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。掌握插入语不仅有助于正确理解句意,灵活运用插入语于书面表达中还能提高作文的得分。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  一、常用作插入语的副词NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  surely, she won't go to china telecom with you.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  strangely, he has not been to china unicom.      still more strangely, he has not called me.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  fortunately, i found the book that i had lost.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】indeed 的确  surely 无疑NQm易文君-文库范文网

  however 然而  obviously 显然NQm易文君-文库范文网

  frankly 坦率地  naturally 自然而然的NQm易文君-文库范文网

  fortunately 幸运地  strangely 奇怪NQm易文君-文库范文网

  honestly 真诚地  briefly 简单地说   luckily 幸运的是NQm易文君-文库范文网

  二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  strange to say, he should have done such a thing.[ ]NQm易文君-文库范文网

  most important of all, you each over fulfilled your own task.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】strange to say 说来也怪NQm易文君-文库范文网

  needless to say 不用说NQm易文君-文库范文网

  most important of all 最为重要的是NQm易文君-文库范文网

  worse still 更糟糕的是NQm易文君-文库范文网

  三、常用作插入语的介词短语NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  of course, he did not succeed for the lack of experience.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  she knows much more about computer science than the other students do, for instance.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in a few words (或in sum, in short) 简而言之NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论】in his opinion (judgment) 按照他的意见(判断)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in other words 换句话说NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in a sense 在某种意义上NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in general 一般说来NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in my view 在我看来NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in conclusion 总之NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in summary 概括地说NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in fact 事实上NQm易文君-文库范文网

  in addition 此外NQm易文君-文库范文网

  of course 当然NQm易文君-文库范文网

  as a matter of fact 事实上NQm易文君-文库范文网

  to our knowledge 据我们所知NQm易文君-文库范文网

  for instance (或example) 例如NQm易文君-文库范文网

  to my joy (delight, satisfaction)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的是[ ]NQm易文君-文库范文网

  to their surprise (astonishment, amazement)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  使他们惊奇的是NQm易文君-文库范文网

  to her regret (disappointment)NQm易文君-文库范文网

  使她遗憾(失望)的是NQm易文君-文库范文网

  四、常用作插入语的分词短语NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  judging from his letter, a campaign against “white pollution” has been under taken in his hometown.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  generally speaking, boys like football much more than girls.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论】strictly speaking 严格地说NQm易文君-文库范文网

  generally speaking 一般地说NQm易文君-文库范文网

  judging from…根据……判断NQm易文君-文库范文网

  given…鉴于……       considering…考虑到……NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【注意】不要把以上插入语理解为现在分词短语作状语,因为它们与主语之间没有主谓关系也无动宾关系,如上两句中speaking和judging的动作都不是句中主语发出的。[ ]NQm易文君-文库范文网

  五、常用作插入语的不定式短语NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  to be sure, community service can aid reemployment.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论】to be sure无疑地  to sum up 概括地说NQm易文君-文库范文网

  to tell the truth 老实说  to start with 首先NQm易文君-文库范文网

  六、插入句NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  it will result in success, i suppose.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  one day, it is said, newton saw an apple fall from a tree.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  what is more important, information superhighways can carry great amounts of information around the country quickly and cheaply. NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论】i am sure 我可以肯定地说   NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i believe 我相信NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i wonder 我想知道  you know 你知道NQm易文君-文库范文网

  you see 你明白  that is 也就是说NQm易文君-文库范文网

  it seems 看来是  as i see it 照我看来NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i'm afraid 恐怕  it is said 据说NQm易文君-文库范文网

  what is important (serious) 重要(严重)的是NQm易文君-文库范文网

  反意疑问句NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  somebody phoned while i was out, didn't they?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  nobody wants to go there, does he?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  there's no help for it, is there?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  there's something wrong, isn't there?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论1】当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问部分的主语通常用they。但亦可用he, 尤其是nobody, no one等作主语,具有否定概念时。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论2】当陈述句为there be结构时,附加疑问部分的主语也用there。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  bob rarely got drunk, did he?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  few people know him, do they?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  she seldom goes to the cinema, does she?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论3】陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  he was unsuccessful, wasn't he?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  tom dislikes the book, doesn't he?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论4】如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  she says that i did it, doesn't she?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i told them not everybody could do it, didn't i?.NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论5】当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【注意】但当陈述部分的主语是i, 谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定转移。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i suppose that he's serious, isn't he?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i don't think she cares, does he?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  xiao lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn't he?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论6】当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  don't open the door, will you?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  give me some cigarettes, can you?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  take a rest, why don't you?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论7】在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分一般用will you, won't you, would you, 有时也可用can you, can't you, why don't you, could you等。 NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【注意】但是,以let's开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  let's have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  let us go out for a rest, will you? NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  the old man used to smoke, didn't/ usedn't he?[ ]NQm易文君-文库范文网

  tom used to live here,  usedn't /didn't he?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论8】当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn't it?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  between six and seven will suit you, won't it?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论9】陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【例句观察】NQm易文君-文库范文网

  i wish to have a chance to learn english, may_i?NQm易文君-文库范文网

  【结论10】陈述句中的谓语动词是wish, 表示愿望时用may, 且用肯定形式。NQm易文君-文库范文网

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