2024南京夫子庙导游词（精选24篇）
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇1
南京夫子庙，常简称夫子庙，是一座位于南京市秦淮河北岸贡院街的孔庙。“夫子”是孔子弟子对孔子的尊称。目前以夫子庙为中心、庙市街景合一的秦淮风光景区是集文化、旅游、购物、服务等功能于一体的文化活动中心。附近有夫子庙小学。
夫子庙景区的古建筑群由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院等组成，六朝至明清时，世家大族多聚于夫子庙一带，素有“六朝金粉地”之称，为江南文化枢纽之地，是秦淮风光的核心地带。夫子庙街市是中国著名的传统古街市。每年的春节至元宵节期间在夫子庙举行的金陵灯会是南京春节最重要的活动之一。
夫子庙始建于宋景祐元年(1034年)，由东晋学宫旧址扩建而成，称文宣王庙。南宋建炎时为兵火所毁，绍兴年间重建，为建康府学，同时建科举考场江南贡院;元朝为集庆路学，明初为国子监，后为应天府学;清朝成为江宁、上元两县县学，同治八年(1869年)重建之后，于1937年遭日军焚烧而严重损毁。
1984年，市、区人民政府为保护古都文化遗产，经有关专家科学论证和规划，几度拨专款，历数年的精心维修和复建。如今的夫子庙已焕然一新，再展辉煌。被誉为秦淮名胜而成为古城南京的特色景观区，也是蜚声中外的旅游胜地。1991年被国家评为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。
夫子庙前以秦淮河为泮池，北岸由整石雕琢成的石栏建于明正德九年(1514年)，是南京夫子庙保留最完好的古代建筑;南岸石砖墙为照壁，建于明万历三年(1575年)，长110米，高10米;北岸庙前有聚星亭、思乐亭;中轴线上有棂星门、大成门、大成殿、明德堂、尊经阁;庙东有魁星阁。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇2
请看广场前的这一条河，它叫秦淮河，是南京人民的母亲河，全长110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。流经广场的这一段是内秦淮河的一部分，建庙时被改造为泮池，因曲阜孔庙泮水流过而得名。南岸的一堵红墙，是建于明万历(1575年)年间的大照壁，长达110米，气势磅礴，为全国照壁之最。照壁起遮蔽和装饰作用，是整个夫子庙建筑群的开始。泮池北岸石栏则为明正德(1514年)年间所建，是历经了沧桑变迁之后，成为夫子庙建筑群中唯一保存最好的古代建筑小品，抗战前曾加以修整。游人至此，凭栏小憩，观览秦淮秀色，心旷神怡。
泮池西侧的文德桥现为汉白玉桥。因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。因为桥向与子午线方向一致，所以每逢农历11月15日子时左右，皓月当空，凭栏俯视，在桥的两边分别可看到桥影将河中明月分成两个半月，被称为“文德分月”。吴敬梓在《儒林外史》一书中就有记述，如果您有机会的话，不妨在农历11月15日来文德桥边看一看。
文德桥南乌衣巷口的一组徽派建筑群，为“王谢古居”。作为东晋豪族王谢两大家族聚居区，影响比较大，尤其是唐刘禹锡名作《乌衣巷》的诗句，使乌衣巷、王谢旧居变得非常有名，现为“南京六朝历史文化陈列馆。”大家有时间可以进去参观参观。
现在我们看石栏北侧是新复建的天下文枢坊，表明此处为天下文化中心。三门四柱，颇为壮观。在古代，它与后面的棂星门对应，用于帝王出巡朝圣祀孔，中间高门坊是皇帝幸临的御道，左右供郡亲王出入，一般的官员臣民不能通行，因而平时都用木栅栏封闭起来。
庙前广场西侧的聚星亭，六角飞檐、古朴大方，外表看双重飞檐翘角，貌似两层结构，其实只有一层，亭名取群星聚集、人才荟萃之意。再请看东边，临水而立的小院子是魁光阁，阁内的魁星亭，三层六面，下临秦淮，景致独特。古有“奎主文章”之说。奎星即魁星，是文运兴旺之兆，是科举时考试夺魁的象征，因而魁星被历代学子奉为神灵。魁光阁与聚星亭东西犄角相望，互为呼应，融为一体。
庙前广场北面的石砌坊门，是孔庙第一道大门—棂星门，六柱三门，古朴优美，中间横楣刻有篆文“棂星门”。棂星是古代天文学中的“文星”，取名之由是要表示天下文人学士集学于此的意思。三门之间镶嵌有牡丹图案的砖刻浮雕，精雕细琢，美仑美奂。石柱顶端皆用云板，即华表之意，作为一种标志。此乃皇帝祭孔的仪门。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇3
在夫子庙的东边有座江南贡院，是当年科举考试场所，也是我国古代最大的科举考试的遗。科举制度发源于隋唐时期，当时有号20644间。科举考试分为院试、乡试、会试、殿试四个等级。在院试中考中的是生员，也就是“秀才”，秀才参加第二级考试“乡试”，考中的人称“举人”，举人参加第三级考试“会试”，会试考中是“贡士”，贡士有资格参加最高一级的考试“殿试”，由皇帝主考，第一名是状元，第二名是榜眼，第三名是探花。
在夫子庙周围还有一些著名的景点，东晋书法家王献之迎接爱妾桃叶的桃叶渡;吴敬梓故居陈列馆;东晋名望族王导、谢安古居及乌衣巷;明末传奇风尘女子李香君媚香楼等。好，游客们，今天的游览至此结束，再见!
问答
1、孔子生平及主要著作?
孔子，鲁国人，名丘，字仲尼。出生于公元前551年，死于公元前479
年，享年73岁。是儒家学派的创始人，我国古代著名的思想家教育家。他编订了《诗》《书》《礼》易》《乐》《春秋》，其中《诗经》是我国最早的诗歌总集，他还编写了现存最早的偏年史《春秋》
2、夫子庙在我国众多孔庙中有哪些特点?
庙市合一，它先有学宫后有孔庙，有全国最大的照璧(长110米，高10米)，有唯一用天然河道形成的泮池，有全国最大的孔子铜像，画像。
3、夫子庙的建筑特色及旅游特点是什么?
“青砖小瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花阁窗”的典型徽派建筑风格，集庙、市、景合一。
4、什么是泮池，照壁有什么作用?
所谓天子之学为“雍”，诸侯之学称为“泮”。当年鲁国于泮水河畔建学宫，后人纷纷效仿，在孔庙前修一水池称为泮池。南京夫子庙前的泮池是利用天然河道内秦淮河而形成的。照壁起遮蔽和装饰用。
5、夫子庙的泮池和寺庙前的放生池有什么区别?
相同点是古代的木结构建筑易起火，泮池和放生池都是便于防火救火。 不同点：夫子庙前的泮池为月牙形，沿袭传统，教化黎民百姓像流水一样源远流长。
寺庙前的放生池为圆形或半圆形，是供寺庙内和尚放生用的。
6、桃花扇是一部什么样的书?讲述了什么故事?
《桃花扇》是一部以南明王朝的兴亡为内容的历史悲剧，共40出，故事内容是以复社名士侯方域与秦淮名妓李香君的爱情故事为主线，深刻地反映了南明王朝灭亡的历史和当时的社会面貌，揭露了南明王朝政治的腐败和衰亡原因，作者的创作意图是“借离合之情，写兴亡之感”，以巨大的艺术感染力，吸引了众多的读者和观众。
7、国子监是一个什么样的机构?
明代的国子监是当时我国最大的国立大学，他们除了教学授课外，还整理编订了世界上最大的一部百科全书《永乐大典》。国子监学生最多时多达9972名。
8、“文德桥的栏杆—靠不住院”是什么意思?
因文德桥在每年的阴历十一月十五子时，月正当头，人立桥头自顾无影，桥的东西水面各有一半牙儿的倒影，相传古人在桥上争看这一奇景，曾数次将桥栏杆挤塌，故有此说，现在这句歇后语形容好说大话，吹牛皮的人。
9、 为何何孔庙的门都叫“大成门”，大殿都叫“大成殿”
表示孔子是中国古代文化的集大成者。
10、 大成门内四块碑的名称，内容是什么?
a)孔子问礼图碑：记载孔子抱着兴国安邦，济世访贤的愿望，从山东曲阜前往洛阳寻求巩固鲁国政权的办法，图上绘的是孔子跪在洛阳城门外，向坐在马车上的老子请教。
b) 《集庆孔子庙碑》撰写碑文的是元朝翰林院学士卢挚，内容是“诏以兴学作士为王政”强调教育及培养人才是立国之本。
c) 《封四氏碑》：是元文宗加封孔子最有成就的弟子颜回、曾参、孔伋、孟轲为四亚圣，刻于1331年
d) 《封至圣夫人碑》是元文宗加封孔子夫人的碑，因孔子在元朝被封为大成至圣文宣王，所以加封孔子夫人为至圣夫人，刻于1331年。
11、 中国科举制度始于何年，终于何年?始于隋朝，终于清末1905年。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇4
南京夫子庙，常简称夫子庙，是一座位于南京市秦淮河北岸贡院街的孔庙。“夫子”是孔子弟子对孔子的尊称。目前以夫子庙为中心、庙市街景合一的秦淮风光景区是集文化、旅游、购物、服务等功能于一体的文化活动中心。附近有夫子庙小学。
夫子庙景区的古建筑群由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院等组成，六朝至明清时，世家大族多聚于夫子庙一带，素有“六朝金粉地”之称，为江南文化枢纽之地，是秦淮风光的核心地带。夫子庙街市是中国著名的传统古街市。每年的春节至元宵节期间在夫子庙举行的金陵灯会是南京春节最重要的活动之一。
1984年，市、区人民政府为保护古都文化遗产，经有关专家科学论证和规划，几度拨专款，历数年的精心维修和复建。如今的夫子庙已焕然一新，再展辉煌。被誉为秦淮名胜而成为古城南京的特色景观区，也是蜚声中外的旅游胜地。1991年被国家评为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。
夫子庙前以秦淮河为泮池，北岸由整石雕琢成的石栏建于明正德九年（1514年），是南京夫子庙保留最完好的古代建筑；南岸石砖墙为照壁，建于明万历三年（1575年），长110米，高10米；北岸庙前有聚星亭、思乐亭；中轴线上有棂星门、大成门、大成殿、明德堂、尊经阁；庙东有魁星阁。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇5
各位游客。
在昨天的游程中，我为大家安排游览了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺，总统府旧址等名胜古迹。
今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。
秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。
它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
【秦淮河的由来和历史变迁】
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。
相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。
秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名“秦淮河”。
但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。
历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。
自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外“秦淮”。
内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。
河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。
唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。
古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。
早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。
迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。
六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。
东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作“栅塘”，既可御敌，又可防洪。
从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。
据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，劳动人民，特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面，饱尝了人间的辛酸。
那时南京的大多集中在秦淮河两岸。
清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。
美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。
然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。
它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把“秦淮”当作南京的代名词。
【秦淮画舫—伴池—夫子庙照壁—庙前广场—棂星门】
各位游客：现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。
每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。
这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。
当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句：“惜河中缺游船。
”皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。
从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。
尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓“秦淮灯火甲天下”。
难怪南京有“家家走桥，人人看灯”的民谚。
我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。
古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称“泮池”夫子庙导游词夫子庙导游词。
泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。
相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。
再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。
照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。
各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议：“治国以培育人才为重”，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。
原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。
所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。
夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。
现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。
请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。
这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。
现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字“文武大臣至此下马”，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。
左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。
建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。
这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作“四旧”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。
广场正中的这座牌坊，叫“天下文枢坊”。
请大家继续随我往前走。
这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。
据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。
门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。
不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的夫子庙。
极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
【大成门—大成殿—学宫】
各位游客：走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。
门内侧有石碑四块。
第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。
记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前518年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。
碑的上半部有“孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题”的题字。
图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有“永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流”的字样。
这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。
第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。
第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。
第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。
庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。
现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。
在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。
古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。
祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。
主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及“四配”(孔子高徒)、“十二哲”(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。
现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿——大成殿。
这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。
这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。
“大成”意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。
大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。
现在的大成殿已被辟为“南京乡土文化博物馆”。
请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。
门楣上方原来有“学宫”匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有“东南第一学”。
牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。
这四斋名称分别是“志道”、“据德”、“依仁”、“游艺”。
后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。
明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。
东墙有“卧碑”，就是训教的法规。
左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。
我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。
东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。
清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆夫子庙导游词导游。
这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。
各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群——贡院。
【贡院街—贡院—明远楼】
现在我们所站的地方便是贡院街，那条与贡院街相交的南北向街道就是贡院西街，贡院街北面就是古代时南京规模庞大的考试场——贡院。
贡院建于南宋乾道四年(1168年)，是县府考试场所。
明太祖朱元津定都南京后，这里成了乡试、会试场所。
明永一乐十九年(1421年)迁都北京，但南京仍作为陪都，加上江南又是人文基本之地，考试仍在这里按期举行。
明成祖继续派人建造江南贡院，明清两代对贡院不断扩建，到清光绪时，贡院规模之大，已成为当时23个行省的贡院之最。
对此，我只要告诉大家一个数字，你就可想而知了——到清代同治年间，已建供考试用的“号舍”有20644间，且还不包括司考官员、职司人员的办公住宿用房。
可惜现存贡院建筑已屈指可数，明远楼就是保存下来的贡院建筑之一，而其他大部分已被辟为市场。
现在，我们所见的这座三层建筑，就是明远楼了。
楼呈四方形，四面设窗，地处贡院中心，在此可以监视考生和贡院内执役人员。
“明远”的意思就是“慎终追远、明德归原”，封建王朝教育士子以“孝梯忠义”为立身之本。
考生考完后，“金榜”就张贴在前面的贡院街
清末废除科举后，贡院也随之失去了原来的作用。
1919年除留下明远楼和一部分号舍建筑用以陈列历史文物外，其余一并拆除，辟为市场。
明远楼下的《金陵贡院遗迹碑》详细地记载了这一史实。
各位游客：关于夫子庙我就介绍到这里。
如果大家有兴趣的话，可以去逛一下夫子庙的东市、西市，同时也可选购一些喜爱的工艺品和旅游纪念品，还可以去西街一带品尝夫子庙的风味小吃，夫子庙可谓是全国闻名的小吃荟萃之地。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇6
各位游客：现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句：“惜河中缺游船。”皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓“秦淮灯火甲天下”。难怪南京有“家家走桥，人人看灯”的民谚。
我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称“泮池”。泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。
再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议：“治国以培育人才为重”，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。
现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字“文武大臣至此下马”，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作“四旧”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。广场正中的这座牌坊，叫“天下文枢坊”。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的。极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇7
大成门，又称戟门，是夫子庙的正大门，两旁为持敬门。封建时代只有官员可以由大成门出入，一般士子只能从旁门进出。进入门内，左右分别树有四块古碑：东边有元至顺二年(1331年)的《封至圣夫人碑》和(封四氏碑)，西边有公元1330年的残碑《集庆孔子庙碑》和由市政府迁来的甫齐永明二年(484年)的《孔于问礼图碑》。以《孔子问礼图碑》为著。
院落甬道两旁排列了孔子十二门生中的八位，即闵损、冉耕、冉求、端木赐、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由，均由汉白玉雕刻而成，状甚虔诚，栩栩如生。
向前看，大成殿前的平台为丹墀，俗称露台，高1.4米，东西宽21.8米，南北长“14.0米，四周围以石栏，有云头望柱24根，台前两角设有石灯笼。此露台用作祭祀和歌舞。露台中央的孔于雕像格外引入注目，青铜质地，达4.18米，重乙37吨，做工精细，维妙维肖，体态丰盈，面部慈祥、深沉，眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智，给人留下非常深刻的印象。露台两旁原是两庑，是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位和存放祭祀、仪礼、佾舞用具的处所。现缩为小两庑，改为碑廊，陈列有赵朴初、林散之、武中奇等著名书法家墨迹的碑石30余块，供游人欣赏。
露台尽头即为巍峨庄严的夫子庙主殿—大成殿，高16.22米，宽27.3米，进深27.9米，是重槽歇山顶的仿古建筑。正面屋檐下海蓝色竖匾，上书“大成殿”。孔子为“大成至圣先师”，“大成”当指孔子。“大成”一词，源出《札记.学记》，是学习的最高境界。又见于《孟子.万章》。“孔子，圣之时者也。孔子之谓集大成。”屋脊鸱吻中有造型精美的“双龙戏珠”立雕，这在国内同类建筑中属首创之作;屋面覆盖青色小瓦所体现的轻秀之势，与北方孔庙屋面采用黄色琉璃瓦的富丽恢宏之势明显不一样，更显随和、入俗之意，这亦是南京夫子庙更接近俗文化的表现之一，亦或称之为“入乡随俗”吧。整座建筑重檐飞翘，斗拱交错，气势雄伟;殿堂七楹，殿廊环立26根仿木圆柱;前后花格长门16扇，内殿藻井枋檩，素雅肃穆。殿中央陈列有高6.5米、宽3.5米的国内最大的孔子画像，画像前二侧还有12位门生中的另4位，即孟子，孔汲，曾参、颜回，前面还陈列有柷、琴、卧箜篌，编磬，编钟、古筝、鼓等古代乐器。
南京夫子庙导游词5
四周墙壁悬挂了38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画，称为“孔子圣迹图”，是由浙江乐清2OO匠师采用取自浙江、福建，内蒙古、辽宁、青海、广西、广东等省(区)的内玉石，鸡血冻、寿山石，翡翠绿、周村冻等石中名晶及黄金、珠宝、罗钿等贵重的珠宝饰件，耗3年之功雕成，总投资580万元人民币。画面采用中国古典全景式构图方式，辅以考证有据的细部描述，做工精细，色泽自然，富有立体感，给人以逼真神奇之感。每幅面高2.5米，宽1.3米，画中有人物408位，造型面目自然、栩栩如生。38幅壁画分别是圣迹之图、题首前言、尼山致祷、麒麟玉书、二龙五老、钧天降圣、俎豆学礼、职司委吏、命名荣贶、职司乘田、问礼老聃、在齐闻韶、晏婴沮封、退修诗书、夹谷会齐、归田谢过、诛少正卯;女乐文马、因膰去鲁。匡人解围。丑次同车之一，丑次同车之二、宋人伐木、楛矢贯隼、适卫击磬、学琴师襄、西河返驾、灵公问陈、子路问津、在陈绝粮、子西沮封、作歌丘陵，杏坛礼乐、跪受赤虹、西狩获麟、梦奠两楹、治任别归、汉高祀鲁。体现了孔子“万世师表”的光辉典范形象，这恰如殿中对联所写“气备四时兴天地鬼神日月合其德;教垂万世继尧舜禹汤文武作之师“。真乃谓“德侔天地道贯古今，删述六经垂宪万世”。
由大成殿东庑北门出，经东市即进入学宫区。
东市和西市是由原来进出学宫的东、西甬道改成，用作秦淮河上往返船只经销商品的场所，现已成为夫子庙地区最具特色的工艺美术晶、文化用品销售场所和文化活动场所。
学宫是封建时代培养人才的场所，有不同层次，如县学、府学(路学、州学等)和国学，都与孔庙毗邻，以示儒学立国，修身的正统地位。学宫包括明德堂、尊经阁、敬一亭、崇圣祠和青云楼等单体建筑。走进学宫大门，就是古风盎然的明德堂，是士子们每月朔、望日朝圣(即孔子)之后，集中听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕(伦理和政府法令)的场所，以培养学子们忠君爱国的思想。对于明德堂的名称，可能有的游客要问，各地夫子庙建筑群中只有“明伦堂”，何以南京夫子庙例外，叫作“明德堂”?确实，南京夫子庙内，明德堂原来也称“明伦堂”，只是当年元军即将攻克南京之时，身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥，为了表明他宁死不屈的决心，亲自手书，改“明伦堂”为“明德堂”以明效忠国家、报效民众之志气，故保留至今。明德堂后的尊经阁，始建于明朝中期，高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，气象非凡，是当年存放儒家典籍、教谕讲课的讲堂，现为民俗风情陈列馆。与尊经阁并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云楼，尊经书院分置尊经阁后两边。崇圣祠祀孔子父母，现为梨园;青云楼清时改为图书馆;尊经书院为讲课之所，相当于现在的教室。尊经阁后小高地，叫卫山，建有敬一亭，天下文庙皆有敬一亭始于明嘉靖时，亭内立皇帝御题的“敬一箴”，作为生员士子的座右铭。所谓“敬一”就是对孔学的敬业之意。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇8
各位朋友：
大家好！欢迎光临南京夫子庙。夫子庙地处城南秦淮河畔，地理位置优越，交通十分方便，是南京人引以为自豪的历史遗迹和旅游景点，是新兴的文化、商业、游览中心和庙市合一的繁华之地。
夫子庙，又叫孔庙、文庙，是祭祀我国著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方。孔子在古代被人们尊称为孔夫子，故其庙宇俗称“夫子庙”。由于儒学的正统地位，它的创始人孔子备受封建社会历朝历代的统治者和士子们的尊崇，祀奉他的孔庙遍布全国各地，有的地方还不只一个。夫子庙作为封建士子崇拜的场所，大多与教育设施(如学宫、贡院等)布置在一起，即所谓的庙附于学，一般是在学宫的前面或一侧。
历史上，南京城区的夫子庙曾有三处，一处在今市政府大院内，另一处在朝天宫。现在我们要参观、游览的，是第三处，也是最有名气的一处。它是宋景佑元年(1034年)从朝天宫迁来的，初为建康府学，元为集庆路学，明初为国学，后为应天府学，清迁出府学，改为江宁、上元两县学。咸丰年间毁于兵火，同治年间(1869年)重建，抗战中为日军焚毁。现存夫子庙为80年代初重建。它采用前庙后学，孔庙在前，学宫在后，后来设立的`贡院被布置在学宫的左侧。因此，南京夫子庙比较完整的格局包括三部分，即孔庙、学宫、贡院。以大成殿为中心的南北中轴线及两侧的主要建筑和以明远楼为中心的江南贡院陈列馆成为夫子庙地区最主要的旅游观光点。
夫子庙地区由于悠久的历史、方便的水上交通，使其在夫子庙出现之前，就已成为古代南京比较有名的“佳丽地”和名士聚居地，因此除了以上所述主要景点外，还有吴敬梓故居、古桃叶渡、萃苑、百年老店一条街、文德桥、王谢故居、乌衣巷、媚香楼等景点。
各位游客，今天我们是要到位于秦淮河畔的夫子庙游览。夫子庙地处城南秦淮河畔，地理位置优越，交通十分方便，是南京人引以为豪的历史遗迹和旅游景点，它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。它是南京人民的母亲河，全长110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名“秦淮河”。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外秦淮。内秦淮河由东水关入城，经夫子庙，再由西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合，河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。
古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作“栅塘”，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画舫灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，劳动人民，特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面，饱尝了人间的辛酸。那时南京的妓-女大多集中在秦淮河两岸。清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇9
Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mu's poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,today's ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.
The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was opened.However, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Today's ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.
Temple Square (2 minutes)
Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius Temple.The integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.
Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)
Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius' thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong you.At the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.
Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)
Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius' miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.
Inscriptions (1 minute)
From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang's donation of examinees'fees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.
A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)
The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.
Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.
The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confucius'ancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.
Other (1 minute)
Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Today's Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xie'an and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!
B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)
Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial examinations.At first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was neglected.Until today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical relic.Mingyuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.
Dormitory (1 minute)
Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees' attitudes.In the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.
To court (1 minute 30 seconds)
The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, children'sexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixing'sfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No It's often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of China's imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.
This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇10
各位游客，我们现在就来到了夫子庙。“六朝金粉地，十里秦淮河”，指的就是南京城南夫子庙地区的秦淮河风光带，自六朝起，这里就是居民商业集中地，为古都繁华地带。
我们现在站的地方是文德桥，这里有著名奇观“文德半月”，秦淮河水从我们脚下缓缓渡过，“十里秦淮”就是指东水关至西水关的水道。
夫子庙又称孔庙、文庙。它是祭祀我国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的地方。因为孔子在古代被人尊称为孔夫子，所以孔庙被称为“夫子庙”。它集旅游、休闲、文化、商业为一体，展现了六朝古都的风貌。
整个夫子庙建筑以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山，都是在一条南北中枢线上成方位对称的格局，具有典型的中国传统建筑风格。
文德桥之所以有半边月的奇景，是因为它与子午线的方向是一致的。大家向东看，有一堵红墙，经建于明代万历年间，是全国最大的照壁，长110米，照壁起着遮蔽和装饰作用。
这是盼池，当时文人洗墨之处，也是失火取水之处。
池的东边是魁星阁，魁在古代是保佑文人高中的星宿，有“魁星点斗，独占鳌头”之说。池的西边是聚星亭，是天下群星聚集的地方，盼池的北边是一个牌坊，这就是“天下文枢”坊，四个字意指天下文化聚集的中心。
游客们，我们穿过六柱三门的棂星门，就来到了大成门，在左右各有两块石碑，这就是“孔子问礼图碑”，上面刻有孔子从山东到南京向老子虚心请教的情景，蹬上露台，我们可以看到一尊孔子青铜雕像，高4.18米，这是我国最高的孔子铜像。在铜像之后就是孔庙的主体建筑大成殿，现在我们就到殿内看一看。
首先，我们看到的是一幅孔子巨幅画像，它高6.5米，宽3.15米，是我国最大的孔子画像，画像前是孔子四位门生的汉白玉雕像。
殿内有38幅由翡翠、玛瑙、黄金、鸡血石为材料制作的“孔子圣迹图”，它描述了孔子一生的生平事迹。
穿过大成殿来到学宫，这里是当年秀才学习的地方，学宫的主体建筑是“明德堂”是南宋民族英雄文天袢所题，德指“忠信，忠于国家，取信于民”。
明德堂前有一钟亭，内有礼运钟，还有一鼓亭，内有圣音鼓，是为纪念孔子2550周年所建，在明德堂后面还有尊经阁、崇圣祠、青云楼等。
大成殿外东西两侧是东西市，是当时进行商品买卖的地方，它充分展现了明末清初街市风貌，所以夫子庙特色还在于庙市合一。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇11
Located in the south of Jiankang road in Nanjing City, it mainly refers tothe Confucius Temple, Xuegong and Gongyuan, but the streets around these threebuildings are traditionally called Confucius Temple. In the area of about 0.5square kilometers from pingjiangfu road in the east to Zhanyuan road in thewest, there are more than 300 shopping malls and shops, 2 cinemas and manyhotels and amusement parks, etc., and there is an underground commercial streetof about 10000 square meters underground. It can be said that Confucius Templeis a multi-functional service center integrating tourism, culture, commerce,catering and entertainment. More than 150000 people attended the festival,especially during the Jinling Lantern Festival. In 337, the Prime Minister WangDao built a school Palace on the North Bank of the Qinhuai River, which is theearliest building of Confucius Temple.
In 1032, Emperor Renzong built Confucius Temple and Confucius Temple infront of the Academy. Later, it was destroyed several times and rebuilt severaltimes due to war. The present building was rebuilt in 1984. It reproduces thestyle and landscape of Jiangnan market in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ConfuciusTemple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius, covering an area of26300 square meters. Zhaobi is located on the South Bank of Qinhuai River. It is10 meters high and 110 meters long. The top of the wall is covered with smallcylinder green tiles and the four corners are slightly tilted. Its length is thelongest in China.
There is a crescent shaped panchi on the north bank and a row of carvedstone railings built in the Ming Dynasty on the bank. On the east side of thestone fence is kuiken pavilion with three floors and six flying angles; on thenorth side is Wenshu square with four pillars and three gates, with four goldcharacters "Tianxia Wenshu" engraved in the middle; on the west side is Juxingpavilion with double eaves and carved ridge flying angles, and in front ofDacheng gate is Lingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The buildingshere all have the word "Star", which means that the stars of the world aregathered here. Dachengmen is an ancient building with a beam and a bucket. Ithas a Dragon Ridge and three doors standing side by side. Each door has 45 studsand a faucet ring. On the left and right sides of the gate stand four stonetablets of the Southern Qi, yuan and Song Dynasties, and on both sides of theinner courtyard are corridors connecting the Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall is themain building of Confucius Temple. It is 16.2 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and20.9 meters deep. It has seven Ying double eaves, four slopes and five ridges.The standing carving of dragon and pearl on the main ridge is the first inChina. With 56 huge stones in the hall, it is majestic and spectacular. In frontof the hall, the bronze statue of Confucius in Danlong, 4.18 meters high, is thehighest in China. Outside the walls on both sides of the East and West are theEast and West markets carefully planned and designed according to the style ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly dealing in antique jade, four treasures ofthe study, famous calligraphy and paintings and tourist souvenirs. Located atthe back of Dacheng hall, the academy is composed of Mingde hall, ZunjingPavilion, Chongsheng temple, Qingyun tower and other buildings. It is thehighest Academy in ancient state capital. Mingde hall is the main hall of theAcademy, which is now a playground.
From Wenshufang to the East, you can see a square three story woodenstructure building with a bucket arch and cornice Mingyuan building. It is thecentral building of the former Jiangnan Gongyuan. It is the place to monitorexaminees and issue orders during examinations. On both sides of the courtyardbehind the building are the imperial examination houses of the Ming and QingDynasties. The house is about 1.5 meters long and wide. There are only twoboards on the top and the bottom, with tables on the top and benches on thebottom. The examinees eat, drink and sleep in this narrow space for a few days.All the food they bring in should be checked, and even the steamed bread shouldbe cut to prevent cheating. In its heyday, Jiangnan Gongyuan covered an area ofmore than 70000 square meters, with 20644 houses, the largest scale of Gongyuanin China. Mingyuanlou is now known as "Jiangnan Gongyuan site", which is aprovincial cultural relic protection unit. The Confucius Temple in history usedto be an abnormal bustling city, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenit opened in autumn, tens of thousands of candidates (up to 20000 people)gathered here, so bookstores, teahouses and inns came into being, andrestaurants and brothels also proliferated. At that time, some streets andalleys on the South Bank of the Qinhuai River were the "gentle townships" and"gold selling caves" for the children of rich families. There were also manyfamous prostitutes, such as Li Xiangjun and Dong Xiaowan, known as "Qinhuaieight beauties". Today, Meixiang building is rebuilt at 38 chaoku street, whichis open to visitors as Li Xiangjun's former residence.
Wu Jingzi, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty, once lived on the Bank ofQinhuai River. After 19 years, he wrote a famous book "scholars' history" whichcriticized the imperial examination system. On the site of his former residence,Qinhuai Water Pavilion, a building of the style of river hall and river house inMing and Qing Dynasties has been built, which is called "Qinhuai family" hotel.There are folk activities such as antique wedding and so on. At present, morethan 100 kinds of traditional snacks have been discovered. With foreign fastfood such as KFC and McDonald's, visitors can enjoy them. Jinling LanternFestival is even more famous. It's called the Lantern Festival on the 12th andthe Lantern Festival on the 18th of the first month of the lunar calendar. Infact, since the beginning of the new year, people have been buying, selling andwatching lanterns. There are dozens of colorful lanterns, which make peopledazzled and confused.
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇12
好，我们已到了始建于1168年的江南贡院遗址。江南贡院是专门用来考试的场所，起初规模并不大，只供府、县学考试之用。明初乡试、会试集中在此举行。后贡院规模扩大，待到清朝，正式定名为江南贡院，已经是规模空前，形成东起姚家巷，西至学宫、孔庙，南临秦淮河，北抵建康路的方形整体，其号舍达两万多个，在当时全国贡院中首屈一指。民国之后，贡院冷落，只有明远楼等，作为历史文物被保留下来。
我们现在看到的明远楼，上下三层，四四方方，飞檐出甍，面面皆窗，它本是贡院举行考试期间用来警戒和发号施令之所。如今楼下拱门内保留的明、清和民国年间的石碑，详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史。为有效地保存封建时代科举考场的情景，80年代中期，有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”，复建了以“千字文”命名的部分号舍，陈列了神态各异的应试学子的塑像，供人们参观。同时，游人们还可以亲自体会一下“金榜题名”的古趣。各位朋友，您不想试一试?
游罢夫子庙的主要观光点，我们大概可以把夫子庙的特点归纳为以下两点。
第一，夫子庙是一个庙市合一的活动场所，这是其最大特色，而其他城市的孔庙建筑及其文化氛围通常与商业文明、市井文化相隔离。在夫子庙，一方面是围墙内严谨的文化氛围;另一方面是围墙外、秦淮河两岸充满活力的商业文明，如工艺美术品、小商品、花鸟及现代商场、批销中心，以及业经去其糟粕、取其精华的俗文化，如传统的民风民俗—秦淮灯彩、秦淮风味小吃、云锦工艺、南京白局等，一应俱全，充分体现了夫子庙的繁华和与众不同。学宫、孔庙与市场(东西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民风民俗等)和谐相处，高雅的儒学文化与通俗的市井文化、商业文化相互兼容、共同发展，形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。
第二，夫子庙建筑布局中有许多中国之最。如象征南京母亲河—秦淮河的长达110米的高大照壁，是全国最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的，是所有孔庙中独一无二的。由此可知，秦淮河在夫子庙的历史演变过程中的影响是非常重要的。南京夫子庙学宫明德堂的名称在全国也是少有的;大成殿“三宝”—孔子画像、雕像和孔子生平事迹壁画，堪称全国之最。值得一提的是，由于南京夫子庙的与众不同，地方政府和国家旅游局自80年代以来，开发并形成了以夫子庙为中心的秦淮风光带。在东起东水关、西迄西水关的十里秦淮，发掘出那些被历史湮没的秦淮胜迹，如瞻园、白鹭州、中华门城堡以及桃叶渡至镇淮桥一带的秦淮水上游和沿河景观，即所谓的“四点一线”，形成了集山水、园林、市街、河房河厅和民风民俗于一体的综合旅游区。现已布局井然，初具规模，景致独特，美不胜收，成为全国旅游景区四十佳之一。基于此，有关部门还开辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游线路和陆上游一条线，成为继“湖南路灯光夜市”后又一颗照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”，使得夜晚的南京城更显魅力。
各位朋友，夫子庙的游览就到此结束了，感谢大家的支持和合作!
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇13
各位游客：南京夫子庙是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。夫子庙又称孔庙，文庙，是祭祀我国古代著名的大思想家，教育家孔子的庙宇。
夫子庙建于宋景佑元年，是在东晋学宫的旧址上扩建的，夫子庙五建五毁，最后一次是1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。1984年，南京政府对夫子庙进行了大规模开发与建设，建成了以夫子庙为中心，以秦淮河为轴线的夫子庙秦淮风光带。它有三大建筑群，一座是祭祀孔子的庙宇——大成殿，另一座是大成殿后面的学宫，第三是古代科举考试遗址——江南贡院。
秦淮河，又叫龙藏浦，是南京人民的母亲河。内秦淮河流经夫子庙，全长10公里，这便是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬梓的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。
现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，自宋以后就成了孔庙泮池。河南岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(1575年)，长110米、高10米，为全国照壁之冠。泮池西侧有一座桥叫文德桥，因为儒家提倡文章道德而得名，为了和东边的武定桥相对，故建桥锁住泮池以蓄文气，因为桥的方向和子午线的方向一致，所以每年农历11月15日左右，站在桥上俯视，可见月亮被分成两半，这就是文德分月的由来。每到此时，桥上赏月的人不计其数，由于原为木桥，所以桥的栏杆经常被挤坏，所以南京有一句俗话叫“文德桥的栏杆——靠不住”。泮池北岸有一座四柱三门的大牌坊为天下文枢坊。孔子乃天下文章道德之中枢也，故得此名。东侧这座楼阁式建筑，叫做魁光阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。西侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。门是石结构的，六柱三门，棂星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，因为孔子对我国文献起了集大成作用，也叫戟门。庙院两侧是碑廊，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在，请大家随我从中间的甬道走。甬道两侧立着孔子十二门生中的后八门生。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露台，也叫丹墀。丹墀之上有目前我国孔子的最大的铜像高4.18米。现在请各位游客随我进入孔庙主殿——大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。大成殿内供奉着孔子的画像;为画家王宏喜按照唐吴道子的孔子画像用一年时间画成。两旁是四亚圣的汉白玉塑像;东西两侧摆放有古代庆典时演奏的乐器。大成殿的四周墙壁上还悬挂着38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画，称“孔子圣迹图”;是浙江乐清200多名匠师采用玉石、翡翠、黄金、珠宝等贵重材料，耗时三年雕成。总价值580万人民币。表现了孔子“万世师表”的光辉典范。
走出孔庙。我们可见四块石碑，第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，记载了春秋末年孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜;从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度的经历。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑石《集庆孔庙碑》，第三块碑石《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参、孔伋、孟轲为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》。
现在我们看到的建筑便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方题有“东南第一学”。后面是明德堂，明德堂是学宫的正堂，建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。现在的这块匾额是后人模仿文天祥手迹写成。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。明德堂前院中新建两个亭子，东为习礼亭，内挂“礼运钟”，西为仰圣亭，内置“圣音鼓”。
接着是尊经阁、青云楼、崇圣祠。尊经阁原为上下两层，上存儒学经典，下为课堂。现为1988年新建的三楹三层仿古建筑，为南京民俗馆。青云楼为供奉历代督学使的祠堂和学宫秀才阅览经书的地方。
现在我们所站的地方便是江南贡院了。这里原是古代时南京规模庞大的考试场——贡院。贡院建于南宋乾道四年(1168年)，是县府考试场所。明太祖朱元璋定都南京后，这里成了乡试、会试场所。眼前这座三层建筑，就是明远楼了。楼呈四方形，四面设窗，地处贡院中心，在此可以监视考生和贡院内执役人员。“明远”的意思就是“慎终追远、明德归厚”。号舍在明远楼东部和西部，是考生三场九天考试住宿之地，原有20644间。现在来到的是当初主考官办公之地——至公堂。现为“科考陈列室”，以实物图片、资料等形式介绍科举制度的情况，正中有“魁星点斗”像。
各位游客：关于夫子庙我就介绍到这里。如果大家有兴趣，可以去逛一下夫子庙的其他景点;比如：吴敬梓故居，王谢故居，乌衣巷等。谢谢!
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇14
Hello, everyone! Welcome to Nanjing Confucius Temple. The Confucius Templeis located on the Bank of Qinhuai River in the south of the city. It is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that Nanjing people are proud of. It is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and Temple marketare integrated.
Confucius Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous educator and thinker in China.Confucius was honored as Confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "Confucius Temple". Due to the orthodox status of Confucianism, itsfounder Confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. There were more than one Confucius temples all over the country. As aplace for feudal scholars to worship, Confucius Temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, Gong Yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.
Historically, there were three Confucius temples in the urban area ofNanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the Chaotian Palace. Now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. It was moved from Chaotian Palace in the first year of Jingyou of SongDynasty (1034). At first, it was Jiankang school, Jiqing road school in YuanDynasty, Guoxue in Ming Dynasty, yingtianfu school in Qing Dynasty, andJiangning school and Shangyuan school in Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed in theXianfeng Period, rebuilt in the Tongzhi period (1869), and burned by theJapanese during the Anti Japanese war. The existing Confucius Temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. It uses the former temple and the later school, ConfuciusTemple in the front and the Academy in the back, and the later Gong Yuan isarranged on the left side of the Academy. Therefore, the relatively completepattern of Confucius Temple in Nanjing includes three parts, namely, ConfuciusTemple, Academy and Gongyuan. The North-South central axis with Dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the Jiangnan Gongyuanexhibition hall with Mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the Confucius Temple area.
Due to its long history and convenient water transportation, ConfuciusTemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient Nanjing before the appearance of Confucius Temple. Therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as Wu Jingzi's former residence, ancient taoyedu, Cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop Street, wendeqiao, Wang Xie's former residence, Wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.
Now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of ConfuciusTemple - Confucius Temple Square. Looking around, there are panchi, Zhaobi andmufang in the south, Juxing Pavilion, KuiGuang Pavilion and business district inthe East and West, Dacheng hall in the central axis and the East and West citieson the East and west sides of Confucius Temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of Confucius Temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of Temple market integration in history.
Look at the river in front of the square. It's called Qinhuai River. It'sthe mother river of Nanjing people. It's 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early Nanjing civilization. The section that flows through the square is apart of the Inner Qinhuai River. When the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the Confucius Temple in Qufu.A red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the Wanli period ofthe Ming Dynasty (1575). It is 110 meters long and majestic. It is the largestscreen wall in China. Zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole Confucius Temple complex. The stone railings on theNorth Bank of panchi were built in Zhengde (1514) of the Ming Dynasty. Aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the Confucius Temple complex, which had been repaired before the AntiJapanese war. Here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of Qinhuai.
The Wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. It gotits name from the Confucian school's advocacy of article morality. Because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every November 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bridge.The bright moon in the river is divided into two and a half months, which iscalled "Wen de Fen Yue". Wu Jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. If you havea chance, you might as well come to Wende bridge on November 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.
A group of Hui style buildings at the entrance of South Wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "Wangxie ancient residence". As the settlement area of WangXie and Wang Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of Wu Yi Xiang, the famous work of Liu Yuxi in TangDynasty, which makes Wu Yi Xiang and Wang Xie's former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition Hall of Six Dynasties inNanjing." You can visit it when you have time.
Now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt Tianxia Wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of Tianxia. Three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. In ancient times, it corresponded to theLingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship Confucius. The high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. It was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. The ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.
The star gathering Pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. It looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. In fact, it has onlyone floor. The name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. Inthe East, the small courtyard facing the water is KuiGuang Pavilion. The KuixingPavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces QinhuaiRiver. The scenery is unique. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Kui ZhuWen". Kuixing, or Kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. Therefore,Kuixing was regarded as a God by the students of the past dynasties. KuiGuangPavilion and Juxing Pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.
The stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the Confucius Temple - Lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. It is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "Lingxing gate". Lingxing is the "Wenxing" inancient astronomy. The reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. The brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. The top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means Huabiao, as a sign. This is the gate for the emperor toworship Confucius.
After passing the Lingxing gate, we came to the Dacheng gate of Dachenghall.
Dachengmen, also known as Jimen, is the main gate of Confucius Temple, withZhijing gate on both sides. In feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. Entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the East, there are the stele of fengzhisheng's wife in 1331, the remnantstele of Jiqing Confucius Temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. This book is based on the picturestele of Confucius asking for rites.
On both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofConfucius' twelve students, namely min sang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duan Muzi, ranYong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan and Zhong you. They are all carved from white jade of HanDynasty. They are very devout and lifelike.
Looking forward, the platform in front of the Dacheng hall is Danlong,commonly known as the terrace. It is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. This terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. The statue of Kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. It's made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. It'sexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. The eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on people.On both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in Confucius' gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. There are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi and Wu Zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.
At the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of Confucius TempleDacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters deep.It is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. Under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "Dacheng hall".Confucius is the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng, and Dacheng refers toConfucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from "notes. Learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. It can also be seen in Mencius wanzhang. "Confuciusis the sage of time. Confucius called it jidacheng. " There is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the bird's kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in China; The light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernConfucius Temple. It is more easygoing and popular. This is also one of theperformances of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe Romans do". The whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. In thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofConfucius, the largest in China. On the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen andYanhui. In front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as Gong, Qin, wokonghou, chime, Bianzhong, guzheng and drum.
38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "Confucius' holy trace". They are made ofinner jade from Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Qinghai, Guangxi,Guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,Shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, Luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province. It takesthree years The total investment is 5.8 million yuan. The picture adopts theChinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. Each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. There are 408 figures in the painting. Theshape is natural and lifelike. The 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of Nishan, the Qilin Yushu, the ErlongWulao, the Juntian Shengjiang, the zudou Xueli, the functionary commissar, thename Rongfu, the functionary Chengtian, the questioner Laofu, Wenshao in Qi, YanYingju Feng in Yan, the retreat of Shishu, Jiagu Huiqi, returning to Tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music Wenma, and Yingu Qulu. Help peopleout. In Song Dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the Falcon, struck the chimeby Shiwei, learned to play Qin by Xiang, drove back to Xihe, asked linggongabout Chen, Zilu about Jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, Xingtanritual music, kneeling by Chihong, Xishou Huolin, Mengdian Liangying, Zhirenbiegui, Han Gaosi to Lu. This is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "Qi Bei Si Shi Xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow Yao, Shun, Yu and TangWenwu as teachers". The truth is that "the Tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theConstitution for all ages.".
From the north gate of Dacheng hall, you can enter Xuegong district throughDongshi.
Dongshi and Xishi have been changed from the East and West passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the Qinhuai River. Now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the ConfuciusTemple area.
The school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. Therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. They were all adjacent to ConfuciusTemple, which showed the orthodox status of Confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. The school palace includes Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion,Jingyi Pavilion, Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Entering the gate of theschool is the ancient Mingde hall. It is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors' preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. Confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. As for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "Minglun hall" in the Confucius Templecomplex. Why Nanjing Confucius Temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? Indeed, in Nanjing Confucius Temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "Minglun hall". It was just Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister of theSouthern Song Dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer Nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender Hechanged "Ming Lun Tang" into "Ming De Tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. Zunjing Pavilion, built in the middle of MingDynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and T-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. It is an extraordinary Hall for storing Confucian classics andteaching lectures. It is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. Standing sideby side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Zunjingacademy is divided into two sides behind Zunjing Pavilion. In the Qing Dynasty,Qingyun building was changed into a library, and Zunjing Academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. The small highlandbehind the Zunjing Pavilion, called Weishan, has a Jingyi Pavilion. AllConfucian temples in the world have Jingyi Pavilion. It began in the Jiajingperiod of the Ming Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperor's motto of "JingyiZhen" was set up as the motto of the students. The so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to Confucianism.
After touring the Academy, walk tens of meters to the East past GongyuanWest Street, which is Jiangnan Gongyuan. During this period of time, I wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the Confucius Temple. Inaddition to the buildings of Confucius Temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.
Dear friends, this is the end of the tour of Confucius Temple. Thank youfor your support and cooperation!
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇15
各位游客：南京夫子庙是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。夫子庙又称孔庙，文庙，是祭祀我国古代著名的大思想家，教育家孔子的庙宇。
夫子庙建于宋景佑元年，是在东晋学宫的旧址上扩建的，夫子庙五建五毁，最后一次是1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。1984年，南京政府对夫子庙进行了大规模开发与建设，建成了以夫子庙为中心，以秦淮河为轴线的夫子庙秦淮风光带。它有三大建筑群，一座是祭祀孔子的庙宇——大成殿，另一座是大成殿后面的学宫，第三是古代科举考试遗址——江南贡院。
秦淮河，又叫龙藏浦，是南京人民的母亲河。内秦淮河流经夫子庙，全长10公里，这便是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的“十里秦淮”了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬梓的《儒林外史》中，也都对“十里秦淮”有过生动的描写。
现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，自宋以后就成了孔庙泮池。河南岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(1575年)，长110米、高10米，为全国照壁之冠。泮池西侧有一座桥叫文德桥，因为儒家提倡文章道德而得名，为了和东边的武定桥相对，故建桥锁住泮池以蓄文气，因为桥的方向和子午线的方向一致，所以每年农历11月15日左右，站在桥上俯视，可见月亮被分成两半，这就是文德分月的由来。每到此时，桥上赏月的人不计其数，由于原为木桥，所以桥的栏杆经常被挤坏，所以南京有一句俗话叫“文德桥的栏杆——靠不住”。泮池北岸有一座四柱三门的大牌坊为天下文枢坊。孔子乃天下文章道德之中枢也，故得此名。东侧这座楼阁式建筑，叫做魁光阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。西侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。门是石结构的，六柱三门，棂星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，因为孔子对我国文献起了集大成作用，也叫戟门。庙院两侧是碑廊，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在，请大家随我从中间的甬道走。甬道两侧立着孔子十二门生中的后八门生。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露台，也叫丹墀。丹墀之上有目前我国孔子的最大的铜像高4.18米。现在请各位游客随我进入孔庙主殿——大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。大成殿内供奉着孔子的画像;为画家王宏喜按照唐吴道子的孔子画像用一年时间画成。两旁是四亚圣的汉白玉塑像;东西两侧摆放有古代庆典时演奏的乐器。大成殿的四周墙壁上还悬挂着38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画，称“孔子圣迹图”;是浙江乐清200多名匠师采用玉石、翡翠、黄金、珠宝等贵重材料，耗时三年雕成。总价值580万人民币。表现了孔子“万世师表”的光辉典范。
走出孔庙。我们可见四块石碑，第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，记载了春秋末年孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜;从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度的经历。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑石《集庆孔庙碑》，第三块碑石《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参、孔伋、孟轲为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》。
现在我们看到的建筑便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方题有“东南第一学”。后面是明德堂，明德堂是学宫的正堂，建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。现在的这块匾额是后人模仿文天祥手迹写成。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。明德堂前院中新建两个亭子，东为习礼亭，内挂“礼运钟”，西为仰圣亭，内置“圣音鼓”。
接着是尊经阁、青云楼、崇圣祠。尊经阁原为上下两层，上存儒学经典，下为课堂。现为1988年新建的三楹三层仿古建筑，为南京民俗馆。青云楼为供奉历代督学使的祠堂和学宫秀才阅览经书的地方。
现在我们所站的地方便是江南贡院了。这里原是古代时南京规模庞大的考试场——贡院。贡院建于南宋乾道四年(1168年)，是县府考试场所。明太祖朱元璋定都南京后，这里成了乡试、会试场所。眼前这座三层建筑，就是明远楼了。楼呈四方形，四面设窗，地处贡院中心，在此可以监视考生和贡院内执役人员。“明远”的意思就是“慎终追远、明德归厚”。号舍在明远楼东部和西部，是考生三场九天考试住宿之地，原有20644间。现在来到的是当初主考官办公之地——至公堂。现为“科考陈列室”，以实物图片、资料等形式介绍科举制度的情况，正中有“魁星点斗”像。
各位游客：关于夫子庙我就介绍到这里。如果大家有兴趣，可以去逛一下夫子庙的其他景点;比如：吴敬梓故居，王谢故居，乌衣巷等。谢谢!
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇16
今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
秦淮河的由来和历史变迁
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘"，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇17
走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。门内侧有石碑四块。第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前518年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。碑的上半部有"孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题"的题字。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有"永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流"的字样。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿--大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。"大成"意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。现在的大成殿已被辟为"南京乡土文化博物馆"。请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方原来有"学宫"匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有"东南第一学"。牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。这四斋名称分别是"志道"、"据德"、"依仁"、"游艺"。后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。东墙有"卧碑"，就是训教的法规。左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆。这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群--贡院。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇18
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘"，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，劳动人民，特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面，饱尝了人间的辛酸。那时南京的妓·女大多集中在秦淮河两岸。清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇19
"Wild grass and flowers by the Zhuque bridge, sunset at the entrance ofWuyi Lane..." This is my first understanding of Confucius temple when I was achild.
I don't know. I'm scared. If you are a tourist, have been to Nanjing, buthave not been to the Confucius Temple, it is really in vain!
Confucius Temple is a famous scenic spot in Nanjing with a long history.The Confucius Temple is close to the Qinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing,just like the Yangtze River and Yellow River in China. Qinhuai river rippling,sparkling, water from time to time out of the lovely fish, sitting on the boatof Confucius Temple to see the scenery, do not have a taste.
To see the Confucius Temple, you must come in the evening. At this time,the Confucius Temple is full of bright lights and colorful neon lights. It lookslike the aurora in the sky of the city. At this moment, people come to theConfucius Temple regardless of the fatigue of the night. Hungry? Ha ha, noproblem! Folloe me! Duck blood vermicelli soup, chicken juice soup bag, muttonkebab, not enough to KFC! McDonald's also has! And Nanjing stinky tofu and otherclassic snacks By the way! There are salted duck! Salted duck is a specialty ofNanjing! Welcome to taste! One of the salted duck is called osmanthus duck,which is improving on the level of salted duck, with the fragrance of osmanthus.Confucius Temple is not the "No.2 lion bridge". It's just food. There are manyfashionable shops for you to visit. Of course, your eyes will not be idle. TheConfucius Temple is an ancient building long ago, which contains the flavor ofold Nanjing. The exquisite carving on the walls and the gorgeous nationalpattern on the roof are so beautiful. In addition, the Qinhuai River at night iseven more beautiful. The clear water reflects the starry night sky, green trees,buildings, and the colorful lights, which make the Qinhuai River colorful.
On the Lantern Festival, the Confucius Temple is full of people. There aresmall shops selling lanterns in the streets, including lovely rabbit lanterns,ancient horse lanterns and Kongming lanterns. In addition to lanterns, there aremany lantern shops in the Confucius Temple during the Lantern Festival. LanternFestival has big and small, big inside sesame, small bubble sugar water, arevery delicious.
We believe that not only the Confucius Temple, but also Nanjing, a citywith a long history, will have a better future!
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇20
游完学宫，向东过贡院西街走数十米，就是江南贡院。利用这一段时间，我给大家介绍一下夫子庙的其他情况。夫子庙地区除了夫子庙自身建筑之外，还有更为引人注目的民风民俗、特色市场和风味小吃。
其一，南京人向有过灯节的习俗，六朝时期佛兴灯旺，作为帝王之都的南京，每至元宵节，灯火满市井，为全国之冠。明朝时放灯时间延长，正月初八为上灯节。十八日为落灯节，是我国历史上为时最长的灯节，那时南京人几乎“家家走桥，人人看灯”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京灯节都极为隆重，以夫子庙地区为最盛。建国以后，夫子庙灯会在政府的支持和组织下，每年的正月，夫子庙的大街小巷、店堂铺面、河房屋顶都挂满了各式各样的彩灯，前来观赏的人群络绎不绝，熙熙攘攘，煞是壮观，其规模之大、延续时间之长、灯彩式样之多，在全国同类灯会中均名列前茅。
其二，夫子庙除了它的文化特色外，其商业文化也比较发达，首先是夫子庙建筑群两侧的东、西二市就以其丰富的工艺美术晶、古玩、字画及其他文化用品交易而显示出文化的商业性价值，其次在夫子庙还有小商品市场、花鸟虫鱼市场和古玩、珍藏品交易市场，体现了南京人的一种闲适心态和文化品位。夫子庙已成为现代商品云集的商业中心区之一。
其三，夫子庙还是南京四时茶食的发源地,随着各种节令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子庙秦淮小吃因时更新，各种茶食店铺，摊贩小吃，应有尽有，成为我国东南地区历史最久、最独具特色的饮食文化旅游区。从泮池文德桥至文源桥方圆百米左右的市面，风味饮食店就有数十家之多。可谓咸甜荤素风味迥异;东西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和园、六凤居、老正兴、奇芳阁、蒋有记等，风味名点和小吃有数百种，极大地强化了夫子庙的区域性特征。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇21
古时立学必祀奉孔子，其各地的孔庙，属于国家祀典内容之一。所以孔庙的特点是庙附于学，和国学、府(州)县学联为一体。庙的位置或在学宫的前部，或偏于一侧。
南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。
一般前设照壁、棂星门和东西牌坊形成庙前广场，棂星门前设以半圆形水池，称为“泮池”。泮池是孔庙的特有形制，源自于周礼，而夫子庙凿秦淮河为泮池，是唯一利用天名河道作为泮池的遗例。岸北为石栏，有“天下文枢”牌坊，游人至此可凭栏小憩，浏览秦淮河风光。
夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸，建于明万历三年(1575年)，全长110米，为中国照壁之最。
泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1514年所建，现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁，西有聚星亭，象征文风昌盛;庙前广场东西两侧立石柱，上书“文武大臣至此下马”，以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座，牌坊后面为“棂星门”，系丈余高石牌坊，六柱三门，中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕，柱头皆有云雕，形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道，非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。
街东西旧有“道冠古今”、“德配天地”两坊，民国以后被拆除。广场左右原有“聚星”、“思乐”二亭。聚星亭重檐六角，夫子庙于1983年复建;思乐亭今移建于东市小广场。
棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成，石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕，中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字，造型朴实无华。
入棂星门，东西两侧各有持敬门，中间为大成门，又称戟门。在封建时代，每逢朔、望(农历初一、十五)朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员、教谕、训导学教官由大成门进，士子走持敬门，不得逾矩。下阶为丹墀，东西并立三碑，东为元至顺二年(1331年)封至圣夫人碑，西为四亚圣碑，再西为清康熙修学宫碑记。丹墀左右为两庑，外有走廊通正殿。两庑供奉孔门的七十二贤人牌位。
正中是为“大成殿”，外有露台，是春秋祭奠时舞乐之地，三面环以石栏，四角设有紫铜燎炉，燃桐油火炬，祭祀多在午夜子时，光如白昼。殿内正中供奉“大成至圣先师孔之位”，左右配享四亚圣——颜回、曾参、孟轲、孔汲。殿的东边有小门通学宫。
明清时代的大成门为五间，两侧为耳房，供执事人等休息之用，中为三门，门内陈列戟，东设鼓，西置磬，每逢朔望朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员由大成门(中门)进，士子执事人等分走旁门。此门 与大殿同毁于日军兵火。1986年新建的大成门面宽三间，门内正中有汉白玉屏风，上镌刻“重修夫子庙记”，树立四块古碑，其中齐永明二年的“孔子问礼图碑”是由南京市人民政府院内迁至此处的一块重要的碑铭。
入大成门循甬道丹墀而上，便是夫子庙的主殿大成殿。现大殿是按清代同治八年(1869年)的建筑为蓝本修建的，取消了原孔庙的后墙，使之与学宫融为一体。大殿七间，高18米，重檐歇山顶。原殿内正中为“大成至圣先师孔子之神位”牌位，两旁配享四亚圣。现殿内有孔子铜像，两旁配有孔子十二弟子汉白玉像。殿前有宽敞的露台，四周绕以石栏板，它是古时祭祀举行乐舞的地方。殿前两侧有廊庑相连，原是供奉孔门七十二贤人和历代大儒，及存放祭器的地方。现改作碑廊，墙上镶嵌陈列当今名流的书法碑石30多块。
孔庙院墙与学宫之间，东西北三面有宽畅的通道，曾种植几百棵柏树，古木参天，郁郁苍苍。那时，在庙外的文德桥上凭栏眺望，大成殿的黄色琉璃瓦屋顶在绿荫丛中显得金碧辉煌，雄伟壮观。殿后为“明德堂”，相传匾额为南宋文天祥楷书，后由曾国藩改为篆书。堂后为“尊经阁”，阁原为教谕讲课讲堂，楼上藏有大量儒教典籍的刻板和诸多圣贤画像。清嘉庆年间又遭战火破坏。
清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建，恢复旧貌。然而，孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后，原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场，“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学;大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大geming”中，剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年，政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群，主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。
夫子庙两侧的东西市场，原是学宫前甬道。东甬道为学宫正门，门前有坊，上书“泮宫”。坊东为明清两朝状元、榜眼、探花题名牌坊。坊西为会元、解元题名牌坊，坊的背面是武科题名牌坊。东西甬道旁，原各有三祠两署。民国以后废科举，兴学堂，学宫遂渐衰落，祠、署分别改为学校、教育局、图书馆等，学宫甬道也成为摊贩市场，东西市场的名称便从那时开始。
现东西市场于1987年建成，总建筑面积为4400平方米，吸收了我国传统的商业街道的空间形式和尺度，采用明清时代的街市风格，以石板铺地，店铺采用“青砖黛瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花格窗”，店、庙、市、街合一，富有浓郁的地方特色。
尊经阁在明德堂后，始建于明嘉靖年间，原为上下两层各五间，清嘉庆以后曾在此设尊经书院，楼上藏书，楼下讲学。1987年重建的尊经阁高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，底层五间，二层、三层均为三间。底层辟为“秦淮彩灯馆”，二层为“秦淮文物古迹陈列室”，三层备有茶座，可供游人休息并眺望夫子庙全景。
位于学宫东侧的“贡院”，始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所，范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵，集乡试、会试于此，考生众多，不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建，贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1421年)成祖迁都北京，但此地仍为江南乡试所在地，清承明制，一如其旧，道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火，贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建，范围更大，考棚号舍有2万余间，居中国各省之冠。
当时贡院东起今姚家巷，南至贡院东等和贡院街，西至贡院西街与夫子庙隔街相望，北至今建康路。整个贡院成正方形，内有号舍(俗称考棚)20644间，一人一间，每次考试可容纳2万多人。当时贡院正门在今永和园及秦淮剧场之间。
大门外街之东、西各有木牌坊一座，即东、西辕门。大门外东西有石狮子一对及两座石牌坊，轴线上有门三道，分别称“贡院”、“开天文运”及“龙门”。
龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门，门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘，飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂，是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严，不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙，墙外为街道，街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年(1905年)废科举后，贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院，开辟市场，只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。
明远楼始建于明永乐年间，清道光年间重建。平面正方形，三层木结构建筑。底层四面为墙，各开有圆拱门，四檐柱从底层直通至楼顶，梁柱交织，四面皆窗。登临四顾，整个贡院一目了然。它是考试期间考官和执事官员警戒、发号施令的地方。明远楼内已辟为科举制度陈列馆——江南贡院历史陈列馆，展出了100多幅反映中国科举制度的珍贵文献资料、图片，并按原样复建了40间号舍。原安放在贡院内的22方明清碑刻，现集中陈列于明远楼东西两侧，它是研究明清贡院建制沿革和科举情况的实物资料。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇22
Ladies and gentlemen. During yesterday's tour, I arranged for you to visitsuch places of interest as Zhongshan Mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, LingguTemple and the former site of the presidential palace. Today, I will take you toQinhuai River and Confucius Temple. Qinhuai River tourist area is located in thesouth of the old urban area of Nanjing. It takes about 20 minutes to get thereby bus from the urban area. It is a tourist destination with Confucius Temple asthe center, integrating sightseeing, shopping and tasting, displaying the styleand features of the ancient city and ethnic customs.
[origin and historical changes of Qinhuai River]
Qinhuai River is a river that once played an important role in thepolitical, economic and cultural development of the ancient city of Nanjing. Itis said that the Qinhuai River is an artificial canal ordered by the firstemperor of Qin Dynasty. When the first emperor of Qin Dynasty visited Kuaiji inthe East, in order to facilitate the navigation of ships, he ordered to digFangshan to connect the Huaihe River with the Yangtze River. However, accordingto geological investigation, Qinhuai River is a natural river with a longhistory. At that time, the ancient river did pass through Fangshan. However, dueto geographical changes, the river changed its course and gradually formed thepresent river. The Qinhuai River in history has a wide channel. Since Yangxingmi, king of Wu in the Five Dynasties, built the stone city in the area ofchangganqiao, the river began to narrow and was divided into the inner and outerQinhuai River. The Inner Qinhuai River flows from the city of dongshuiguan,through the Confucius Temple, and then from the city of xishuiguan in the southof Shuiximen to join the outer Qinhuai River. The total length of the river is10 kilometers. This is the "Ten Mile Qinhuai River" that has been praised andvisited by countless scholars and scholars since ancient times. Li Bai, Liu Yuxiand Du Mu, the great poets of Tang Dynasty, wrote poems for her. Kong Shangren'sPeach Blossom Fan and Wu Jingyang's scholars also vividly described the "ten liQinhuai River".
Compared with the Yangtze River, which flows through the north of NanjingCity, the ancient Qinhuai River is very small, but it is closely related to thebirth and development of Nanjing City, as well as the political, economic andcultural development of Nanjing area. As early as five or six thousand years agoin the Neolithic age, there have been human reproduction. So far, as many as 50or 60 relics of primitive villages have been found along both sides of theriver. In the Six Dynasties and the early Ming Dynasty, the feudal court alwaysregarded it as a natural barrier for the capital and a natural passage for theimperial palace. After the establishment of the capital Jianye (Nanjing), SunQuan of the eastern Wu Dynasty used to make "gate ponds" on both sides of theQinhuai River, which could not only resist the enemy, but also prevent floods.Since the Six Dynasties, both sides of the Qinhuai River in the area ofConfucius Temple have been prosperous places with dense residents and connectedmarkets. The Qinhuai River has served as the main channel for foreign trade inNanjing, with boats and boats shuttling through the river. It is said that inthe old days, there were many song houses and restaurants on both sides of theQinhuai River, the river houses and water pavilions were full of splendor, theyacht paintings were well lighted, and the rich and noble lived a life ofpleasure and money. The working people, especially the vast number of women, hada good taste of the bitterness of the world. At that time, prostitutes inNanjing were mostly concentrated on both sides of the Qinhuai River. LiXiangjun, a famous prostitute who is not afraid of power and nobility, isdescribed in Peach Blossom Fan by Kong Shangren, a dramatist in Qing Dynasty.She lives by wendeqiao on the South Bank of Qinhuai River.
The beautiful Qinhuai River once flowed the loneliness of the wild age, theprosperity and extravagance since the Six Dynasties, the dirt of the oldsociety, the blood and tears of the working people, and even the blood of theNanjing Massacre. However, today's Qinhuai River, after the precipitation ofhistory and the transformation of the people, has exuded the fragrance of healthand civilization, showing a clear and moving style. It is the witness ofNanjing's history. No wonder people used to take "Qinhuai" as the pronoun ofNanjing.
[Qinhuai boat - Banchi - Zhaobi of Confucius Temple - Square in front ofthe temple - Lingxing gate]
Ladies and gentlemen: now we come to the Bank of the Qinhuai River. Thepainted defenses in the river are all made in the style of Ming Dynastyarchitecture, with big red balls and red lanterns hanging on the bow. Wheneverthe Lantern Festival, Nanjing people used to come here to enjoy the lights. Itis said that after the establishment of the capital of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanjinpaid a visit to the capital. When he came to the Bank of the Qinhuai River, hesaw trees on both sides of the river, clear water, pavilions and pleasantscenery. He said casually, "I'm sorry for the lack of boats in the river." Whenthe emperor opened the golden gate, he sent people all night to build the boatin order to win the favor of the emperor. Since then, Qinhuai painting hasbecome a major feature here. Especially in the Mid Autumn Festival, tens ofthousands of lanterns are in full bloom on the river, and dragon lanterns aredancing on both sides of the river. Songs, drums, cheers and laughter arecontinuous all night. It can be said that "Qinhuai is the best in the world". Nowonder there is a folk saying in Nanjing that "every family walks on the bridge,everyone looks at the light".
This section of Qinhuai River in front of us has become a Confucius Temple(Confucius Temple) and panchi since the Song Dynasty, also known as crescentmoon. In ancient times, the Imperial Academy was called Biyong, and the princes'Academy was called Pangong. The Confucius Temple Academy was equivalent to theplace where the princes gave lectures, so this pool was called "panchi".Generally, there are three stone bridges built on panchi. According to thegrade, county officials and students take the middle one, and scholars take thebridges on both sides. It is said that in ancient times, a scholar mistakenlywent to Zhongqiao. He was in a dilemma and had to jump into panchi byhimself.
Please look at a section of vermilion stone brick wall on the other side ofthe river. This is the screen wall of Confucius Temple. Zhaobi was built in thethird year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (Li Ze Nian), 110 meters long, which isthe highest Zhaobi in the whole family. Ladies and gentlemen, this ConfuciusTemple was built in 337, the third year of emperor chengdi of the Eastern JinDynasty. At that time, Emperor chengdi adopted the advice of Wang Dao: "thecultivation of talents is the most important thing in governing the country",and decided to establish the University on the Bank of Qinhuai river. In thefirst year of Jingpai (1034), the Confucius Temple was built on the basis ofXuefu. Therefore, Confucius Temple is a bustling city evolved from a culturaland educational center. It includes three main buildings: Confucius Temple,Academy and Gongyuan. Its scope is adjacent to the North Bank of Qinhuai Riverin the south, the east end of Jiankang road in the north, Yaojia Lane in theEast and Sifu Lane in the West. Although the Confucius Temple was destroyed manytimes, it was built and expanded in different dynasties. By the end of the QingDynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the structure and layout ofits pavilions and temples were the best in the southeast. The present ConfuciusTemple is partly rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty and partly rebuilt in recentyears. Please look back. This pavilion style building is called KuixingPavilion. It was first built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. The waterfrontbuilding was destroyed twice and rebuilt in 1985.
Now we come to the square in front of the temple opened up in the QingDynasty. There are two steles standing at the East and West ends of the square,about one foot high, on which are engraved two words in Manchu and Chinese:"Minister of culture and military dismounts here", which shows respect for thesage Confucius. The pavilion with six corners and double eaves on the left iscalled "star gathering Pavilion", which means that all the stars areconcentrated and talents are gathered. It was built in the 14th year of Wanli inthe Ming Dynasty (1586), but it was not rebuilt until the 8th year of Tongzhi inthe Qing Dynasty (1869). This is the only Qing Dynasty building that survivedthe Japanese artillery fire. Unfortunately, it was demolished as "four old" in1968 and rebuilt in 1983, restoring its original style. The memorial archway inthe middle of the square is called "Tianxia Wenshu archway". Please continue tofollow me. This gate is called Lingxing gate, which is the gate of ConfuciusTemple. It is said that TA Xing is the star in charge of education in the sky.He is convenient and happy. The gate is a stone structure with six columns andthree gates. It was built in 1480, the 16th year of Chenghua in the MingDynasty. It was later destroyed and rebuilt in 1870. However, the polar gate wesee now was rebuilt in 1983. The East and west sides of the gate are the Eastand West markets.
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇23
古时立学必祀奉孔子，其各地的孔庙，属于国家祀典内容之一。所以孔庙的特点是庙附于学，和国学、府(州)县学联为一体。庙的位置或在学宫的前部，或偏于一侧。
南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。
一般前设照壁、棂星门和东西牌坊形成庙前广场，棂星门前设以半圆形水池，称为“泮池”。泮池是孔庙的特有形制，源自于周礼，而夫子庙凿秦淮河为泮池，是唯一利用天名河道作为泮池的遗例。岸北为石栏，有“天下文枢”牌坊，游人至此可凭栏小憩，浏览秦淮河风光。
夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸，建于明万历三年(1575年)，全长110米，为中国照壁之最。
泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1520xx年所建，现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁，西有聚星亭，象征文风昌盛;庙前广场东西两侧立石柱，上书“文武大臣至此下马”，以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座，牌坊后面为“棂星门”，系丈余高石牌坊，六柱三门，中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕，柱头皆有云雕，形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道，非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。
街东西旧有“道冠古今”、“德配天地”两坊，民国以后被拆除。广场左右原有“聚星”、“思乐”二亭。聚星亭重檐六角，夫子庙于1983年复建;思乐亭今移建于东市小广场。
棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成，石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕，中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字，造型朴实无华。
入棂星门，东西两侧各有持敬门，中间为大成门，又称戟门。在封建时代，每逢朔、望(农历初一、十五)朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员、教谕、训导学教官由大成门进，士子走持敬门，不得逾矩。下阶为丹墀，东西并立三碑，东为元至顺二年(1331年)封至圣夫人碑，西为四亚圣碑，再西为清康熙修学宫碑记。丹墀左右为两庑，外有走廊通正殿。两庑供奉孔门的七十二贤人牌位。
正中是为“大成殿”，外有露台，是春秋祭奠时舞乐之地，三面环以石栏，四角设有紫铜燎炉，燃桐油火炬，祭祀多在午夜子时，光如白昼。殿内正中供奉“大成至圣先师孔之位”，左右配享四亚圣——颜回、曾参、孟轲、孔汲。殿的东边有小门通学宫。
明清时代的大成门为五间，两侧为耳房，供执事人等休息之用，中为三门，门内陈列戟，东设鼓，西置磬，每逢朔望朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员由大成门(中门)进，士子执事人等分走旁门。此门 与大殿同毁于日军兵火。1986年新建的大成门面宽三间，门内正中有汉白玉屏风，上镌刻“重修夫子庙记”，树立四块古碑，其中齐永明二年的“孔子问礼图碑”是由南京市人民政府院内迁至此处的一块重要的碑铭。
入大成门循甬道丹墀而上，便是夫子庙的主殿大成殿。现大殿是按清代同治八年(1869年)的建筑为蓝本修建的，取消了原孔庙的后墙，使之与学宫融为一体。大殿七间，高18米，重檐歇山顶。原殿内正中为“大成至圣先师孔子之神位”牌位，两旁配享四亚圣。现殿内有孔子铜像，两旁配有孔子十二弟子汉白玉像。殿前有宽敞的露台，四周绕以石栏板，它是古时祭祀举行乐舞的地方。殿前两侧有廊庑相连，原是供奉孔门七十二贤人和历代大儒，及存放祭器的地方。现改作碑廊，墙上镶嵌陈列当今名流的书法碑石30多块。
孔庙院墙与学宫之间，东西北三面有宽畅的通道，曾种植几百棵柏树，古木参天，郁郁苍苍。那时，在庙外的文德桥上凭栏眺望，大成殿的黄色琉璃瓦屋顶在绿荫丛中显得金碧辉煌，雄伟壮观。殿后为“明德堂”，相传匾额为南宋文天祥楷书，后由曾国藩改为篆书。堂后为“尊经阁”，阁原为教谕讲课讲堂，楼上藏有大量儒教典籍的刻板和诸多圣贤画像。清嘉庆年间又遭战火破坏。
清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建，恢复旧貌。然而，孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后，原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场，“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学;大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大革命”中，剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年，政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群，主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。
夫子庙两侧的东西市场，原是学宫前甬道。东甬道为学宫正门，门前有坊，上书“泮宫”。坊东为明清两朝状元、榜眼、探花题名牌坊。坊西为会元、解元题名牌坊，坊的背面是武科题名牌坊。东西甬道旁，原各有三祠两署。民国以后废科举，兴学堂，学宫遂渐衰落，祠、署分别改为学校、教育局、图书馆等，学宫甬道也成为摊贩市场，东西市场的名称便从那时开始。
现东西市场于1987年建成，总建筑面积为4400平方米，吸收了我国传统的商业街道的空间形式和尺度，采用明清时代的街市风格，以石板铺地，店铺采用“青砖黛瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花格窗”，店、庙、市、街合一，富有浓郁的地方特色。
尊经阁在明德堂后，始建于明嘉靖年间，原为上下两层各五间，清嘉庆以后曾在此设尊经书院，楼上藏书，楼下讲学。1987年重建的尊经阁高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，底层五间，二层、三层均为三间。底层辟为“秦淮彩灯馆”，二层为“秦淮文物古迹陈列室”，三层备有茶座，可供游人休息并眺望夫子庙全景。
位于学宫东侧的“贡院”，始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所，范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵，集乡试、会试于此，考生众多，不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建，贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1420xx年)成祖迁都北京，但此地仍为江南乡试所在地，清承明制，一如其旧，道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火，贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建，范围更大，考棚号舍有2万余间，居中国各省之冠。
当时贡院东起今姚家巷，南至贡院东等和贡院街，西至贡院西街与夫子庙隔街相望，北至今建康路。整个贡院成正方形，内有号舍(俗称考棚)20644间，一人一间，每次考试可容纳2万多人。当时贡院正门在今永和园及秦淮剧场之间。
大门外街之东、西各有木牌坊一座，即东、西辕门。大门外东西有石狮子一对及两座石牌坊，轴线上有门三道，分别称“贡院”、“开天文运”及“龙门”。
龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门，门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘，飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂，是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严，不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙，墙外为街道，街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年()废科举后，贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院，开辟市场，只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。
明远楼始建于明永乐年间，清道光年间重建。平面正方形，三层木结构建筑。底层四面为墙，各开有圆拱门，四檐柱从底层直通至楼顶，梁柱交织，四面皆窗。登临四顾，整个贡院一目了然。它是考试期间考官和执事官员警戒、发号施令的地方。明远楼内已辟为科举制度陈列馆——江南贡院历史陈列馆，展出了100多幅反映中国科举制度的珍贵文献资料、图片，并按原样复建了40间号舍。原安放在贡院内的22方明清碑刻，现集中陈列于明远楼东西两侧，它是研究明清贡院建制沿革和科举情况的实物资料。
2024南京夫子庙导游词 篇24
今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。
秦淮河的由来和历史变迁
秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘"，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。
秦淮画舫-伴池-夫子庙照壁-庙前广场-棂星门
各位游客：
现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句："惜河中缺游船。"皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓"秦淮灯火甲天下"。难怪南京有"家家走桥，人人看灯"的民谚。我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议："治国以培育人才为重"，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字"文武大臣至此下马"，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫"聚星亭"，"聚星"取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作"四旧"拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。广场正中的这座牌坊，叫"天下文枢坊"。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的。极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。
大成门-大成殿-学宫
各位游客：
走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。门内侧有石碑四块。第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前520xx年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。碑的上半部有"孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题"的题字。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有"永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流"的字样。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1320xx年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿--大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。"大成"意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。现在的大成殿已被辟为"南京乡土文化博物馆"。请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方原来有"学宫"匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有"东南第一学"。牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。这四斋名称分别是"志道"、"据德"、"依仁"、"游艺"。后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。东墙有"卧碑"，就是训教的法规。左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆。这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群--贡院。
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