Unit 6 A Great Young Athlete(通用2篇)
Unit 6 A Great Young Athlete 篇1
unit 6 a great young athlete
lesson 3
1.a cup given as a prize作为奖品所给的一个杯子
given as a prize 作定语,修饰 a cup,二者是被动关系。
2.what is her wish? 辨析wish 和 hope
1)wish +宾+ to +动词原形,表示命令,hope无此用法
i wish you to go. 我要你去。
2)hope 后不能直接跟名词作宾语,可跟for+名词,表示可实现的“希望”,wish 虽也跟for +名词,但表示难实现“愿望”。i hope for success .我希望成功。 i wish for a car.我很想得到小汽车。
3)hope 和 wish可跟that从句,但hope+ that表示希望。wish + that 表示“愿望”且从句动词用虚拟语气。i hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能早点好。i wish i were ten years younger. 我希望我能年轻十岁。
4)wish 可跟双宾语。we wish you a happy new year.我祝你新年快乐。
5)hope / wish to do sth 希望去做某事
i hope to be a teacher in the future. 我希望将来能成为一名教师
6)两者都可作名词
3.is the cake whole? 辨析whole和all
这两个词意思相近。但与限定词和名词连用时,他们的用词序各不相同。试比较:“all + 限定词 + 名词”“ 限定词 + whole + 名词”
1)all 与 whole 都可以和单数名词连用。例如:mary spent all the whole summer at home .玛丽整个夏天都是在家里度过的。也可以说成:mary spent the whole summer at home。 all my life 我的一生= my whole life
2)whole与all都可以和单数可数名词连用,但 whole更为常见,例如:mary wasted the whole lesson.(较 all the lesson 更常见) 玛丽把整整一堂课都浪费掉了。he ate the whole chicken. (较 all the chicken 更常见)他把整只鸡都吃掉了。
3)all通常与不可数物质名词连用,而 whole 则不能 。例如: 正: jane has drunk all the milk. 误: jane has drunk the whole milk.珍妮喝光了所有的牛奶。you can easily spend a whole day there.(whole 多与可数名词连用)你可以轻松地在那里呆上一整天。
?但有些抽象名词前可用whole。例如:can you tell me the whole truth?(can you tell me all the truth?)你能告诉全部事实真相吗?
4)the whole of / all(of) 可放在专有名词,代词和限定词前。 例如:
the whole of / all of london was under water . 整个伦敦都被水淹没。
4.impressive 词缀“—ive”可放在一些动词后构成形容词,表示“与……有关的,有……性质(特性)的,有……倾向的”。
impress(v).–impressive(adj.) compete(v).-competitive(adj.) prevent(v).-preventative (adj.) expense(n.)-expensive(adj.)
5.prevent 及物动词,可直接带宾语,表示阻止,禁止做某事;
prevent sb. from doing sth.=stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
he prevents his son from playing fire. 他不让他儿子玩火
6.expense n. 费用,支出;经费
i don’t think we can afford the expense.我认为我不能负担得起这费用。
he said the office expenses were too big.他说办公的花销太大。
at the expense of 以……作代价,牺牲
he became an brilliant scholar, but only at the expense of his health.
他成为了一名卓越的学者,但却牺牲了健康。
7.i think winning is fun, fun, fun! fun n.乐趣,玩笑,有趣的人或事物
you’ll sure to have fun at the party tonight.你在今晚的晚会上一定会玩的很开心。
people make fun of her because she always speaks foolishly.
人们嘲笑她,因为她常说傻话。
swimming in the sea is great fun.在海里游泳很好玩。
i’m learning to cook, just for the fun of it.我正在学做饭,做着玩而已。
funny adj. (funnier, funniest)滑稽的,有趣的。例如:
the story was very funny .这个故事非常可笑。
he closed his speech with a funny joke.
他用一则有趣的笑话结束了演讲。
8.since then, liu xiang has won many races.
since 作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since 引导状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时,则从句
表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一刻起”。如:
he has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从她来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力。
二、若since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时,
则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起。”如: i haven’t head any noise since i slept. sleep 为持续性动词,sleep 的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。how long is it since you lived in shanghai?你离开(没住在)上海多久了?
?比较 :he has written to me frequently since i was ill .
自从我病愈以来,他屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为状态动词)
he has written to me frequently since i fell ill.
自从我生病以来,他就屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为终止性动词)
三、若 since 引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时,则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻),其表示的时间的起点应从动作的发生时算起。如:
i haven’t heard from him since he has lived there.这里has lived 表示动作的持续性,时间的起点应从:“开始居住” 时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他(开始)住在那儿起,我就一直没收到他的来信。”
试比较:1).since i’ve been at this school , we have had three headmasters.自从我来到这个学校已经换了三个校长了。
since i was at this school , we have had three headmaster.
自从我来到这所学校,我们已经换了三个校长了。
2).he has never been to see me since i have been ill.
自从我生病以来,他从未来看过我。
he has never been to see me since i was ill.
自从我病愈以来,他从未来看过我。
由此可见,since 引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之,前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容,而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于it is + 一段时间+since…的句型与it has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法,后者是口语说法。
it’s a long time since he studied english .他学英语很久了。
辨析since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。也就是说for 接一个时间段,since+时间起点(具体过去时间,如:1999; last+时间; 一段时间+ ago;一般过去时从句).
例如:
i have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
i have lived here since i was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
i worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
i have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) tom has studied russian for three years. = tom began to study russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) harry has got married for six years. = harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 harry got married six years ago. 或 harry has been married for six years.
Unit 6 A Great Young Athlete 篇2
unit 6 a great young athlete
单元语法
一、现在完成时用法 have(has)+过去分词(done)
1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已经发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在发生在过去但它的影响还存在。
i have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没钱花了)
jane has laid the table.(含义是:已经可以吃饭了。)
2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since 连用。
mary has been ill for three days. i have lived here since 1998.
3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如 already, yet, just,before,recently,lately等:
he has already obtained a scholarship . i haven’t seen much of him recently (lately) .
we have seen that film before. have they found the missing child yet .
4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 often,sometimes,ever,never,twice, on several occasions 等:
have you ever been to beijing? i have never heard bunny say anything against her.
5.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:如 now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/ week/ month/year,just, today,up to present,so far 等:
peter has written six papers so far .
there has been too much rain in san francisco this year.
6.现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响依然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。
thomas has studied russian . (现在不再学俄语)
thomas has studied russian for three years. (=thomas began to study russian three years ago,and is still studying it now.(现在仍在学俄语)
7.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。we have had four texts this semester.
一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”。
1.现在完成时的“完成用法”
现在完成时的“完成用法” 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但
该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:he has
turned off the light.他已经把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况——灯现在
不亮了。)
现在完成时的“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时
间状语(如:already, yet, before recently 等)频度时间状语(如:never,ever, once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning /month / year…,today等)连用。
例如:have you found your pen yet ? 你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
2.现在完成时的“未完成用法”
现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:he has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这。(动作开始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
i have been in the army for more than 5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since 或 for 引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now, so far)等。
例如:i have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
◆注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come, go, arrive, leave, join, become, die等。
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型:①主语+have/has been+for短语②it is+一段时间+since从句
例如:he has been in the league for three years.
或it is three years since he joined the league.他入团已三年了
三、比较过去时与现在完成时
1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in october, just now,具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:this morning , tonight, this april, now, once, before, already, recently, lately
现在完成时间的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语
3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例:
i saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)
i have seen thin film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
she has returned from paris .她已从巴黎回来了。she returned yesterday.她是昨天回来的。
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。(错)tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
四、延续动词与瞬间动词
1.用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
he has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)
i’ve known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2.用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”
he didn’t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10点才回来。
he slept until ten o’clock.他一直睡到10点