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直接引语和间接引语

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直接引语和间接引语(精选3篇)pV6易文君-文库范文网

直接引语和间接引语 篇1

  一. 定义pV6易文君-文库范文网

  交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话,一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话,放在引号内,称为直接引语(the direct speech), 另一种是间接地引述别人的话,称为间接引语( the indirect speech)。例如:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said, “i will choose a book from my students.”  他说:“我将为学生选一本书。”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that he would choose a book from his student.   他说他将为学生选一本书。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  二. 直接引语与间接引语的转化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1. 标点符号的变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said to me, “don’t live in london!” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he told me not to live in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2. 语序的变化: 疑问语序变为陈述语序。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said to me, “do you live in london?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me if/whether i lived in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3. 动词的变化: say (to) 在陈述句中多变为tell等词,在疑问句中多变为ask等词,在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词,表请求时多变为ask等词。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said to me, “could you please live in london?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me if/whether i could live in london. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me to live in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4. 连接词的变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  连接词 1. 陈述句用that连接 he said to me, “i live in london.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he told me that he lived in london. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2. 一般(选择,反意)疑问句用if或whether连接   he said to me, “do you live in london?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me if/whether i lived in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he asked me, “do you live in london or paris?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me if/whether i lived in london or paris.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he asked me, “you live in london, don’t you?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me if/whether i lived in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3. 特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接  he said to me, “when do you live in london?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me when i lived in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  5. 时态的变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  时态变化 1. 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态,间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。   he says, “i live in london.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he says that he lives in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he says, “i have lived in london for years.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he says that he has lived in london for years.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态,间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一般现在时---一般过去时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一般将来时---过去将来时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  现在完成时---过去完成时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  现在进行时---过去进行时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一般过去时---过去完成时  he said, “i live in london.” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that he lived in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he said, “i am living in london now.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that he was living in london then.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he said, “i will live in london next year.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that he would live in london the next year.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he said, “i lived in london for years.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that he had lived in london for years.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3. 但是过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时保持不变。pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he said, “when i saw her, she was living in london.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that when he saw her she was living in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he said, “when i got to london, she had lived there for years.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that when he got to london, she had lived there for years.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4. 表示过去具体年份的状语不变。  he said, “i was born in 1956.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that he was born in 1956.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  5. 表示真理,格言,谚语等不受时间限制的句子不变。  he said, “the earth turns around the sun.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that the earth turns around the sun. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  6. 强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变。  she said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交车尚未开走)pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he told me that he works as a teacher. (现在仍是教师)pV6易文君-文库范文网

  7. could, would, should, needn’t, had better, ought to, used to等情态动词不变。  he said, “i would like to live in london.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that he would like to live in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he said, “i used to live in london.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he said that he used to live in london. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  6. 人称代词的变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  人称代词变化 1. 一主(根据引号外的主语变换引号内的人称代词)  tom said to kate, “i have finished my homework.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = tom and kate that he had already finished his homework.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2. 二宾(根据引号外的宾语变换引号内的人称代词)  tom said to kate, “you speak english better than me.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = tom told kate that she spoke english better than him.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3. 三不变(第三人称不变)  tom asked mike, “does she often come to school late?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = tom asked mike if/whether she often went to school late. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  7. 指示代词,地点副词,动词, 时间状语的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  指示代词,地点副词,动词变化 1. 指示代词的变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  this—that    these—those  he said to me, “i’ve known you since you came to this place.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he told me that he had known me since i went to that place.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he said to me, “will you come here today or tomorrow?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me if i would go there that day or the next day.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he said to me, “did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last sunday?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  =he asked me if i had gone the day before, a few days before or the sunday before. pV6易文君-文库范文网

   she said, “i’ll bring you this book next month.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  =she said that he would go there again that night.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   she said, “he will come here again tonight.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = she said that he would go there again that night.pV6易文君-文库范文网

   he asked me, “did you leave london yesterday morning or the day before yesterday?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  = he asked me if i had left london the morning before or two days before.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2. 地点副词的变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  here—there   now—then pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3. 动词的变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  come—go    bring—take pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4. 时间状语的变化:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  today—that day  tonight—that nightpV6易文君-文库范文网

  yesterday—the day beforepV6易文君-文库范文网

  yesterday morning—the morning beforepV6易文君-文库范文网

  last week—the week beforepV6易文君-文库范文网

  next week—the next weekpV6易文君-文库范文网

  tomorrow—the next daypV6易文君-文库范文网

  tomorrow morning—the next morningpV6易文君-文库范文网

  3 days ago—3 days beforepV6易文君-文库范文网

  the day after tomorrow—in 2 day’s time pV6易文君-文库范文网

  练习pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一. 单项选择pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1. he asked ____ for the violin.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. did i pay how much      b. i paid how much pV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. how much did i pay      d. how much i paidpV6易文君-文库范文网

  2. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _____.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. who is he   b. who he is   c. who is it   d. who it is pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3. can you tell me ____?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. how good is his spoken english   b. how well his spoken english ispV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. how well he speaks english     d. how good he can speak englishpV6易文君-文库范文网

  4. he said that he had bought the jacket____.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. before three days  b. three days before c. three days ago      d. last weekpV6易文君-文库范文网

  5. did you say_____?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. that what he said was true          b. that it was true that he saidpV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. what did he say was true     d. what he said it was truepV6易文君-文库范文网

  6. please tell me ____ from.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. where do you come      b. where you comepV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. where you will come      d. there you comepV6易文君-文库范文网

  7. ask her ____ come with us.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. if she will        b. if or not she willpV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. that if she will       d. whether will shepV6易文君-文库范文网

  8. the driver said that he ____ pick ____ a passenger at west street.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. will, up   b. would, up     c. will, out     d. would, outpV6易文君-文库范文网

  9. he said he ___ in 1993.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. has born   b. had been born  c. had born    d. was bornpV6易文君-文库范文网

  10. john ___ me he was going to help me with my english.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. explained   b. spoke    c. told    d. saidpV6易文君-文库范文网

  11. he asked me _______ i would go to beijing by air the next day.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. that of    b. if     c. that whether  d. howpV6易文君-文库范文网

  12. mother asked the youngest kid ________ with his toy car.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. what the matter was      b. what was the matterpV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. what the matter is      d. what is the matterpV6易文君-文库范文网

  1-5. ddcba  6-10 babdc  11-12 bbpV6易文君-文库范文网

  二. 将下列直接引语改写成间接引语pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1. he said, “i have been here about ten times.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2. mary said, “i have sold my house in london.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3. the man said, “smoking is strictly forbidden here.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4. ann said, “she moved to paris in 1956.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  5. mr. black said, “we started learning chinese last month.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  6. mary said, “why didn’t you stop here yesterday?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  7. shaw said to ann, “your brother will give you a nice gift.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  8. my wife said to me, “don’t sleep with the window open.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  9. i asked tom, “do you live on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  10. he asked, “should i go with you, linda?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  11. the teacher said to the students, “water boils at 100℃.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  12. the nurse said to grey, “leave the ward quietly.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  13. he said, “how lovely the house is!”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  14. “would you buy me some stamps?” he said to me.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  15. “who left the banana skin on my desk?” said cathy.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  16. “are you leaving today or tomorrow morning?” said his secretary.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  17. she said, “how long will it take me to fly to that city?”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  18. “where were you last night?” she said.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  19. “it is foggy today,” i said.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  20. he said, “i must go at once.”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  keypV6易文君-文库范文网

  1. he said that he had been there about ten times.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2. mary said that she had sold her house in london.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3. the man said that smoking was strictly forbidden there.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4. ann said that she moved to paris in 1956.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  5. mr. black said that they had started learning chinese the month before.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  6. mary asked why i hadn’t stopped her the day before.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  7. shaw told ann that her brother would give her a nice gift.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  8. my wife told me not to sleep with the windows open.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  9. i asked tom whether he lived on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  10. he asked linda whether he should go with her.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  11. the teacher told the students that water boils at 100℃.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  12. the nurse told grey to leave the ward quietly.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  13. he said how lovely the house was.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  14. he asked me to buy some stamps for him.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  15. cathy asked who had left the banana skin on her desk.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  16. his secretary asked whether he was leaving that day or the next morning.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  17. she asked how long it would take her to fly to that city.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  18. she asked where i had been the night before.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  19. i said that it was foggy that day.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  20. he said that he would have to go at once.  pV6易文君-文库范文网

直接引语和间接引语 篇2

  引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语(direct speech),即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语(indirect speech),即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一、 直接引语变间接引语pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. 陈述句的间接引语pV6易文君-文库范文网

  直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the foreigner aid to me, i like beijing very much.那老外告诉我:我很喜欢北京。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → the foreigner told me that he she liked beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他(她)很喜欢北京。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said,we are very fond of sports. 她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  i'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。(that可省略)pV6易文君-文库范文网

  b. 疑问句的间接引语pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1.一般疑问句和反意疑问句pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if 或 whether,其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  my teacher asked me, do you like american country music 我老师问我:你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → my teacher asked me ifwhether i liked american country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  you haven't been to beijing, have you asked he. 他问:你没去过北,是吗?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he asked me ifwhether i had been to beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2.否定的一般疑问句和选择问句pV6易文君-文库范文网

  如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时,用whetheror 连接。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said, don't you know my telephone number 她说:你难道不知道我的电话号码吗?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she asked me whether i knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  do you like this one or that one tom asked. 汤姆问:你是喜欢这个还是那个?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → tom asked me whether i liked this one or that one. 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3.特殊疑问句pV6易文君-文库范文网

  间接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句,注意从句必须用陈述语序,主句谓语动词常用ask。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he asked, how do you like it 他问:你觉得怎样?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he asked me how i liked it. 他问我觉得它怎样。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she asked me, what's the matter with you 她问我:你怎么啦?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she asked me what was the matter with me. 她问我我怎么啦。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  how many books do you have she asked. 她问:你有多少本书?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she asked me how many books i had. 她问我有多少本。 pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4.其它pV6易文君-文库范文网

  英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问,而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时,往往采用其他的形式。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ①.suggest doingpV6易文君-文库范文网

  shall we all go to the film tonight said michael. 迈克尔说:我们今晚都去看电影,好吗?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → michael suggested going to the film tonight. 迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  what about having a drink he asked. 他问:喝杯怎么样?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ②.advise sb to dopV6易文君-文库范文网

  why don't you go hiking asked james. 詹姆士问:你为什么不徒步旅行?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  james advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ③. offer to dopV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said, would you like me to post the letter 他说:你要我寄信吗?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he offered to ost the letter. 他主动提出寄信。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ④.ask sb to dopV6易文君-文库范文网

  will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me. 她对我说:劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗?pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. 祈使句的间接引语pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1.直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语往往用复合宾来表示,其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词,句中please去掉。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said to me, please have a rest. 她对我说:请休息一下。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she asked me to have a rest. 她要求我休息一下。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  don't all answer at once, she said to the pupils. 她对学生说:大家不要齐声回答。→ she told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫学生不要齐声回答。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2.带有let的祈使句(表示请求,建议或命令),可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  let's go for a walk, said the girl. 那姑娘说,让我们去散散步吧。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → the girl suggested going for a walk. 这女孩建议去散散步。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the teacher sai, let lily tidy the classroom. 老师说:让莉莉整理教室。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → the teacher suggested that lily should tidy the classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  d. 感叹句的间接引语pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1.直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时,多采用宾语从句结构,既可用what或how引导,也可用that引导。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  what a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him. 老师对他说,你是个聪明的孩子啊!pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → my teacher told him what a clever boy he was. 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → my teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said, how well you look! 他说:你看起来气色多好啊!pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he said how well i looked. 他说我看起来是气色多好啊。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he said that i ooked very well. 他说我看起来气色很好。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2.有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思,采用适当的动词变为陈述句,不需用间接宾语来转述。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  help! he cried. 他喊到:救命啊!pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he called for help. 他大声呼救。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  what terrible weather it is!he said. 他说:多么糟糕的天气!pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨这糟糕的天气。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  happy chrismas! he said. 他说:圣诞快乐!pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he wished me a happy christmas. 他祝我圣诞快乐。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  二、 间接引语中的词语变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  直接引语变为间接引语时,间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. 时态的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1.时态的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ①现在时间推移到过去时间pV6易文君-文库范文网

  直接引语中的时态pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一般现在时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  现在完成时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  现在进行时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  现在完成进行时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  间接引语中的时态pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一般过去时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去完成时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去进行时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去完成进行时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the old man said, i have lived in this street since 1960.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  →the old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960. 那老人说他自从196年起就住在那条街上了。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said, is it raining pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he asked if it was raining. 他问是不是正在下雨。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ②过去时间推移到过去的过去pV6易文君-文库范文网

  直接引语中的时态pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一般过去时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去完成时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去进行时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  间接引语中的时态pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去完成时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去完成时(不变)pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去完成进行时或不变pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said to me, i wrote a letter to my parents three days ago.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  →she told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before.她告诉我她三天前已给她母亲写了一封信。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  what were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday he asked pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he asked me what i was doing at seven p.m. the day before. 他问我前一天晚上七点在干什么。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ③将来时间推移到过去将来时间pV6易文君-文库范文网

  直接引语中的时态pV6易文君-文库范文网

  一般将来时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  isamare going to dopV6易文君-文库范文网

  isamare to dopV6易文君-文库范文网

  间接引语中的时态pV6易文君-文库范文网

  过去将来时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  waswere going to dopV6易文君-文库范文网

  waswere to dopV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said, we shall get ready by eight o'clock. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  →he said that they ould get ready by eight o'clock. 他说他们将在8点前准备好。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  we are to meet at the school gate, she said to me. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → sh told me that they were to meet at the school gate. 她告诉我他们约定在校门口见面。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ④间接引语中保持原来时态不变 pV6易文君-文库范文网

  在下列情况下,间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  a. 主句为现在时或将来时,间接引语的时态保持不变。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he thinks, she will be back in a month. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he thinks she will be back in a month. 他想她将在一个月后回来。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he says, i have accepted her invitation. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he says he has accepted her invitation. 他说他已接受了她的邀请。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  比较:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  间接引语中的谓语动词时态对比。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  sarah said to me,i have two brothers.   莎莎对我说:“我有两个弟弟。”pV6易文君-文库范文网

  sarah told me that she has two brothers.  莎莎告诉我说她有两个弟弟。(说话才认为这情况是真实的)pV6易文君-文库范文网

  sarah told me that she had two brothers.  莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。(说话者对此没有什么把握)pV6易文君-文库范文网

  b. 间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the geography teacher said to the students, the earth moves round the sun.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → th geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun. 老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said, every dog has his day. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he said that every dog has his day. 他说是人皆有出头日。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在,时态可保持不变。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said,the window is brokn. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he said that the window is broken.他说玻璃窗碎了。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  just now brown said, my son is ill today. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → brown told me just now that his son is ill today. 布朗刚才告诉我说,他儿子今天病了。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  d. 间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语,仍可用一般过去时,不必改为过去完成时。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the girl said, iwas born in 1978. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → the girl said that she was born in 1978.那女孩说她生于1978年。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said, my teacher was busy yesterday.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she said that her teacher was busy yesterday. 她说她老师昨天很忙。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2.情态动词的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  情态动词在间接引语中都可以改为过去式,must表示必、推测、禁止等意思时,可不变;表示必须时可不变,也可用had to 或would have to。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the senior said, all men must die. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → the senior said that all men must die. 那老者说人总是要死的。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said, i must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she saidshe mustwould have to go to see the doctor the next afternoon. 她说第二天下午她一定得去看医生。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said to me, we used to go there every year. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he toldme that they used to come here every year. 他对我说他们过去每年都来这里。(used to在间接引语中不变)pV6易文君-文库范文网

  b. 代词的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1.人称代词的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ①当主句的主语是第一人称时,引语中的人称代词不变。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  i said, you did quite well in the exam yesterday. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → i said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before.我说你那天考得不错。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ②直接引语中主语是第一人称时,在改为间接引语时,其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said to tom, i'll do my best to catch up with others.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he told tom that he would do his best to catch up with others.   他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ③直接引语中主语是第二人称时,在改为间接引语时,其人称和主句的宾语相一致。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said to her, where did you put the glasses pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he asked her where she had put the glasses. 他问她,她把杯子放哪儿了。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  提示:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  如果主句中无宾语,应根据语境或想象,自添适当的宾语;如果直接引语中有呼语,则将其改为间接引语的宾语。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  mother asked, where have you been pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → moher asked me where i had been. 母亲问我去哪儿了。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  why are you late again, john the teacher asked.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → the teacher asked john why he was late again. 老师问约翰为什么他又迟到。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  ④直接引语中主语是第三人称时,在改为间接引语时不发生变化。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said to tom, she can help them. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he told tom that she could help them. 他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2.物主代词的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  you should not overlook your fault, mum said to me.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → mum told me that i should not overlook my fault. 妈妈对我说我不应该忽略我的缺点。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the two boys said, we have lost ur dog. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → the two boys said they had lost their dog. 这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3.指示代词的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  直接引语中的指示代词pV6易文君-文库范文网

  thispV6易文君-文库范文网

  thesepV6易文君-文库范文网

  间接引语中的指示代词pV6易文君-文库范文网

  thatpV6易文君-文库范文网

  thosepV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said, this is the house in which lu xun once lived.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → she said that that wa the house in which lu xun had once lived. 她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  i bought these flowers for you, jane said. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  jane said that she had bought those flowers for me. 简说那些花是她为我买的。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  i grow these tomatoes myself, he said. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he aid that he grew those tomatoes himself. 他说那些胡萝卜是他自己种的。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  c. 时间和地点状语的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1.时间状语的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said, i spoke to them yesterday. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he said that h had spoken to them the day before. 他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the student said,we have learned about 3,000 english words so far. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  →  the student said that they had learned about 3,000 english words by then. 那学生说到那时为止他们已学会了3,000个英语单词。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2.地点状语的变化pV6易文君-文库范文网

  当直接引语变间引语时,地点状语here通常变为there。但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点,那么仍然使用here.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  come here, please, he said. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he asked me to come here. 他叫我到这里来。(引述人地点不变)pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he asked me to go there. 他叫我到那里去。(引述人地点发生变化)pV6易文君-文库范文网

  here she burst out into a flood of tears, he said to me. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  → he told me that she had burst out into a flood of tears there. 他告诉我说,谈到那个地方她就放声大哭了起来。pV6易文君-文库范文网

直接引语和间接引语 篇3

  1.直接引语 直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语,直接引语通常置于引号内(“引用原话”)。  pV6易文君-文库范文网

  —“what is it all about?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  —“究竟是什么事呢?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  —“nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  —“没有什么,大惊小怪而已。” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2.间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话,pV6易文君-文库范文网

  都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。  pV6易文君-文库范文网

  mary said that she received a sugar report this morning. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。  pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said that his hands were quite full at that moment. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  他说那时他忙得不可开交。 pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3.直接引语和间接引语的转换pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1) 转述陈述句或感叹句去标点符号和引号,用say that接宾语从句,said后,从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。  pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said, “i am going to the market.” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said (that) she was going to the market. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  “what an interesting novel!”she said. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said that it was such an interesting novel. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2) 转述一般或反意疑问句去标点符号和引号。用if/whether接宾语从句,改用陈述句语序。从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。  pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he asked,“you are a native, aren't you?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he asked (me) it/whether i was a native. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3) 转述选择疑问句,去标点符号和引号,接whether...or引导的宾语从句,改用陈述句语序,从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。  pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said,“is this car mr. green's or mr. brown's?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he asked (me) whether that car was mr. green's or mr. brown's. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4) 转述特殊疑问句,去标点符号和引号,由原疑问词引导宾语从句,改用陈述句语序,从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。  pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said,“where are you going?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she asked (me) where i was going. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  5) 转述祈使句或疑问形式的祈使句,通常改为“ask (want, beg, tell, order)+宾语+动词不定式”的简单句。表示建议,可用“offer+to do”,“suggest+doing”或“suggest that-clause”表达。  pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he said,“please turn on the light.” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  he asked me to turn on the light. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said,“don't make any noise, tom.” she told tom not to make any noise. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said,“would you mind passing me the book?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she wanted me to pass her the book. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she said,“why not have a trip?” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  she suggested me having a trip. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  6) 转述肯定、否定并列的两个祈使句时,一般要用“not...but”并列连词pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the teacher said,“don't look out of the window, look at your textbooks.” pV6易文君-文库范文网

  the teacher told his students not to look out of the window but look at their textbooks. pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4.直接引语转换成间接引语不仅有人称、时态的变化,有时还要把物主代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语作相应的变化。变化列表如下pV6易文君-文库范文网

  变化项目 直接引语 间接引语pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1.动词时态 (1) 引语前或后的主句谓语动词是过去时态 (1) 宾语从句的谓语动词作以下调整:pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1) 一般现在时调整为一般过去时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2) 一般过去时调整为过去完成时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3) 一般将来时调整为过去将来时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  4) 现在进行时调整为过去进行时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  5) 现在完成时调整为过去完成时pV6易文君-文库范文网

  (2) 引语前或后的主句谓语动词是一般现在时态或一般将来时态 (2) 宾语从句的谓语动词的时态不必调整pV6易文君-文库范文网

  (3) 引语前或后的主句谓语动词是一般过去时态 (3) 从句中pV6易文君-文库范文网

  1) 动词表示客观真理仍用一般现在时态,不必调整为过去时态pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2) 动词过去进行时态或过去完成时态保留,不必调整。pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3) 有具体的过去时间状语,谓语动词用一般过去时态,不必调整为过去完成时态pV6易文君-文库范文网

  2.人称/物主/反身等代词 引号内的(1) 第一人称pV6易文君-文库范文网

  (2) 第二人称pV6易文君-文库范文网

  (3) 第三人称 (1) 改为与主句的主语相同的人称pV6易文君-文库范文网

  (2) 改为第一人称pV6易文君-文库范文网

  (3) 不变pV6易文君-文库范文网

  3.指示代词 this/these 改为that/thosepV6易文君-文库范文网

  4.时间状语 now, today, tomorrow, ago 分别改为then, that day, the next day, beforepV6易文君-文库范文网

  5.地点状语 here 改为therepV6易文君-文库范文网

  6.动词 come 改为gopV6易文君-文库范文网

  say to sb. 改为ask(want, beg, tell, order) sb.pV6易文君-文库范文网

  suggest one's doing pV6易文君-文库范文网

  suggest thatpV6易文君-文库范文网

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